多媒体课件_财务会计(双语)_本_10周.ppt

Checklist of Internal Controls Bonding, Vacation, and Rotation of Duties Rotating employees and mandatory vacations ensure that more than one employee knows how to do each job. They also discourage employees from engaging in fraudulent activities that might be discovered when someone else has access to their records. Bonding is like buying insurance against embezzlement, but it is not a substitute for prevention of the loss. Checklist of Internal Controls Independent Check All phases of the system should be subjected to periodic review by outsiders, such as independent external auditors, and by internal auditors. Independent auditors can spot weaknesses that management might miss during day-to-day operations. Internal auditors are company employees who help design control systems and assess the degree of compliance with the existing systems. Checklist of Internal Controls Cost-Benefit Analysis Investments in more costly systems must be compared with the expected benefits. No internal control system is perfect in the sense that it can prevent all fraud. The goal of designing an internal control system is to design a cost-effective tool that will help achieve efficient operations and reduce temptation. Bank Reconciliations Bank reconciliation - the analysis that details the items responsible for the difference between the cash balance reported in the bank statement and the balance of the Cash account in the ledger A bank reconciliation is prepared each month by the depositor to make sure that all cash receipts and disbursements are accounted for by the bank. Bank Reconciliations Most bank reconciliations have two sections: Balance per books: Adjustments are made for items not entered in the books but already entered by the bank. Balance per bank: Adjustments are made for items not entered by the bank but already entered in the books. After adjustments, each section should end with identical ad