大学文体学.ppt

Chapter 14 Euphemism 委婉语 Chapter 15 Pun 双关 The assignment: Metaphor 暗喻 or metonymy 借代 Employers wouldn’t mind a little bubbles in the job market. I want this agreement in black and white as soon as possible. He got a green light to interview the President. Metaphor 2. metonymy 3. metonymy What is euphemism? “euphemism”: eu-: “优” eulogy 颂词; euthanasia 安乐死 Euphemism involves a substitution. It is a substitution of agreeable, inoffensive, mild, vague, or roundabout expression for harsh, direct, unpleasant, or offensive one. Question: What are the probable motives of using euphemism? Examples: Death, Illness, Old Age, etc. to die to pass away; to depart; to go to sleep; to go to heaven; 2. old age, senility (weakness due to old age) getting on in years; past one’s prime; second childhood; 3. old people Senior citizens 4. mad; feeble-minded of unsound mind; simple-minded; 5. stupid pupil a slow learner; under-achiever; The motive: _________________. B. Poverty and Unemployment dismiss, sack lay off 2. penniless in reduced circumstances; badly off; 3. in debt in difficulties; in embarrassing obligation to…; 4. the poor the underprivileged, the disadvantaged; 5. unemployed mother: welfare mother; 6. living on dole (施舍) on relief; on welfare benefits; 7. slum: sub-standard housing; The motive:________________________. C. Professions of low social standing a maid, housekeeper, etc. domestic help; day-help; live-in help; 2. chief waiter, waitress captain; hostess; 3. hairdresser: beautician 4. janitor: superintendent; custodian; The motive: _______________________. D. Political and military activities 1. lies: terminological inexactitude; 2. aggression: pre-emptive action; 3. retreat: phased withdrawal; 4. admit defeat: concede the victory to; 5. concentration camps: strategic villages; 6. bombing and blasting of whole villages: pacification of the enemy infrastructure; softening up of enemy resistance;