大学英语修辞学第十四章.ppt

10.4 Synecdoche提喻 Synecdoche is from Greek, meaning ‘take up with something else.’ It is a figure of speech in which a part is substituted for the whole, or the whole for the part. strings can mean ‘stringed instruments’ (part for whole); England can mean a sports team (whole for part). Sharp words may occasionally be spoken by unguarded or ignorant tongues. Types of Synecdoche 1. The part for the whole. 1) Great minds think alike. 2) Some stout hearts attempted resistance. 3) He has many mouths to feed in his family. 沉舟侧畔千帆过，病树前头万木春。 朱门酒肉臭，路有冻死骨。 When we make the part-for-whole synecdoche, we should take care to choose the most important and the most obvious feature or part to represent the whole. He was left without a roof. 2. The whole for the part. 1) She cut herself in the kitchen. 2) My TV is out of order. 3) Italy beat Spain in the soccer match. 3. The abstract for the concrete, or the concrete for the abstract. 1) All the wit and learning of the world were assembled there. 2) The authorities were greeted. 3) I had the muscle and they made money out of it. 4. The species for the genus, or the genus for the species. 1) Did you see that cutthroat ? 2) Alas, that spring should vanish with the rose. 3) He hurled the barbed weapon (harpoon) at the whale. 5.Name of the material for the thing made. 1) He walked the boards for a living. 2) He is in irons. 3) Have you any coppers? Synecdoche is common in our life. We think, talk and act synecdochically everyday: When someone asks you to show a picture of your friend, you show him a picture of his face. a tree for a forest; a tent a whole battlefield; a row of houses a city President, chairman, group leader, monitor How to tell synecdoche from metonymy? Synecdoche—the relationship between the two things involved is part-and-whole: that is, one thing is a part of the other. Metonymy—the two things involved are completely different. They are not of the same kind but are juxtaposed and closely cor