大学英语写作讲座一：修辞.ppt

大学英语写作讲座 ：修辞 1. Figures of Speech Semantically ( 语义修辞) 1. 1 明喻 (simile)： 用like, as, as...as, as if(though) 或用其他词语指出两个不同事物的相似之处 That boy is as dumb as an oyster Intelligence is like a river. The deeper it is the less noise it makes. He jumped as if he had been stung. 1. 2暗喻 (metaphor)： 用一个词来指代与该词所指事物有相似特点的另外一个事物 . Life is the flower for which love is the honey. She is a social butterfly. The news you bring is a dagger to my heart. 1. 3 转喻(metonymy) 用某一事物的名称代替另外一个与它关系密切的事物的名称。 The order came directly from the White House. The pen is mightier than the sword. Grammar may be his heel of Achilles. 1.4 提喻 (synecdoche) 指用部分代表整体或者用整体代表部分，以特殊代表一般或者用一般代表特殊. He earns his bread by writing. He is the Newton of this century. Australia beat Canada at cricket. 1.5 拟人 (personification) 把事物或者概念当作人或者具备人的品质的写法叫拟人。 My heart was singing. The wind whistled through the trees. This time fate was smiling to him. 1.6 Transferred Epithet (移就) 用修饰别的事物的形容词来修饰另一事物. We had a sleepless night. At the evening party Mary sang a song with a sweet voice. While traveling alone to Beijing, I passed many an anxious hour. 1.7 委婉 (euphemism) 用温和的、间接的词语代替生硬的、粗俗的词语，以免直接说出不愉快的事实冒犯别人或者造成令人窘迫、沮丧的局面。 His uncle passed away last month. We should be considerate to the elderly. Where can I wash my hands? 1.8 双关 (pun) 用同音异义或者一词二义来达到诙谐幽默的效果：表面上是一个意思，而实际上却暗含另一个意思，这种暗含的意思才是句子真正的目的所在。 A cannonball took off his legs, so he laid down his arms. Seven days without water make one weak (week). What does that lawyer do after he dies?——Lie still. 1.9 夸张（hyperbole） 运用丰富的想象，过激的言词，渲染和装饰客观事物，以达到强调的效果。 My blood froze. When I told our father about this, his heart burst. My heart almost stopped beating when I heard my daughter’s voice on the phone. 1.10 矛盾修饰 (oxymoron) 把相互矛盾的两个词用在一起的修辞方法。它利用词义表面的相互矛盾使表层的不和谐统一在思想内容的深层，从而揭示事物对立统一的本质特征，达到加深印象的目的。 The coach had to be cruel to be kind to his trainees. During his useful life he often felt he was useless. 1.11叠言（rhetorical repetition） 在特定的语