大学语法的课题讲解.ppt

Lecture 1  Sentence Structure 1.1 Clause Elements 分句成分 The clause or the simple sentence is structurally a sequence of phrases and logically a construction of “subject + predicate”. Compound Subject 并列主语 The boys and the girls are planning a dance. Fruit flies and ladybugs are insects. Joshua and Daniel got lost in the woods. Compound Predicate 并列谓语 Leah jumped on her bike and rode around the block. My friend lives in a green house and rides a red bicycle. I opened the magazine and began to read it quietly. Compound Subject and Compound Predicate Her brother and her sister were very shy and were really hard persons to get to know. Cassandra and Jenny built a model airplane and painted it bright yellow. Double Predicate 双重谓语 He left home a mere child and returned quite a different man. (Surface Structure) (Deep Structure: He was a mere child when he left home, and he became quite a different man when he returned.) Everyone stood listening intently. The doctor sat reading a newspaper in the shade. A bird fell dead to the ground. He died beloved, revered, and mourned by millions of the working people. §2 Two Ways of Sentence Analysis One way is to divide the predicate into predicate verb, object, complement and adverbial. These elements together with the subject make the five clause elements. The other way of sentence analysis is to divide the predicate into two parts: the operator and the predication. The operator is usually the auxiliary or the first auxiliary in a complex verb phrase, while the predication comprises the main verb with its complementation (object, complement or adverbial). Two Ways of Sentence Analysis Sentence Clause NP VP NP Subject Predicate Verb Object All the men have done their best. Two Ways of Sentence Analysis Sentence