定语从句的翻译方法与技巧.ppt

Lecture 11语序调整之定语从句的译法 英汉定语从句对比 1. This is the cat.　　 这就是那只猫。　　 2. This is the cat that killed the rat.　　 这就是那只捕杀了老鼠的猫。　　 3. This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake.　　 * 这就是那只捕杀了偷吃了蛋糕的老鼠的猫。　　 4. This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake that was put in the house.　　 * 这就是那只捕杀了偷吃了放在房间里的蛋糕的老鼠的猫。　　 5. This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake that was put in the house that Jack built.　　 * 这就是那只捕杀了偷吃了放在杰克修建的房间里的蛋糕的老鼠的猫。 英语中的定语从句有两种：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；例如 This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）  非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开 。例如 The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性） 当先行词是专有名词或由物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如： Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。  My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。  This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如：  He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。  Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发 定语从句的译法 （一） 前置法 （二） 后置法 （三） 融合法 （四） 译成状语 （一） 前置法 把英语原文的定语从句翻译成带“的”的定语词组, 放置于被修饰的词之前, 将英语原文的复合句翻译成汉语的简单句, 这种方法一般用于限制性定语从句比较短的情况。 一些较短的具有描述性的非限制性定语从句也可采用前置法, 但没有限制性定语从句使用得普遍。 The people who worked for him lived in mortal fear of him. (2) There will come a day when people all over the world will live a happy life under the sun of socialism. (3) The sun , which had hidden all day , now came out in all its splendor. (4) But Miggle’s laugh, which was very infectious, broke the silence. （二） 后置法 当定语从句较长时, 如果翻译成前置的定语, 就会不符合汉语的表达习惯, 在这种情况下, 往往把该定语从句翻译成并列的分句, 放置于原来它所修饰词的后面。翻译时可以用三种方法来处理。 译成并列分句，重复先行词 译成并列分句，省略先行词 译成独立句（非限制性定从） They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which , in the past, many Chinese have