现场安全管理经典教程(壳牌).ppt

Initially a split is made in intended and unintended actions Unintended actions: Slips are usually benign, not so dangerous on their own. Usually you get an immediate reminder that you are doing the wrong thing. Example: if you drive a car in a country with traffic on the other side of the road, you will switch your windscreen wiper on when you want to turn right. Or sending an email without an attachment Lapses are more dangerous, harder to contain. You forget to do something and are not immediately reminded. Example: You forgot to fill up your petrol tank, or leave the lights on. Mistakes are even more dangerous, you intend your action and ignore counter-evidence that says that what you are doing is wrong. Example: you are driving along a road which has a speed limit of 100 km/h. Your actual speed is 95 km/h which is within the speed limit. You turn off the road onto another road which looks no different and continue at 95 km/h. However, a police seed trap catches you speeding as the limit on the road you have turned onto has a speed limit of 80 km/h. Violations are deliberate and break a fundamental assumption of a Safety Management System: procedures will be followed. A violation removes a barrier/control and opens the path to disaster. One violation is not necessarily disastrous. However, in combination with another violation from somebody, who also assumes that other barriers will remain in tact, and slips or lapses (holes in barriers) is the recipe for disaster. Example: A pool car has a speed limiter on it set at 80 km/h. A driver gets in the car and finds this frustrating as he has to sit at 80 km/h for a long journey although the road he is driving on is designed for a maximum speed of 80 km/h. He then tampers with the speed limiter by cutting a wire to disengage the speed limiter. He then completes his journey and hands in the car to the car pool. Another driver gets in the following day and drives the car. He goes above 80 km/h and the speed limit