古希腊文化 - Latinitas Sinica.PDF

古希腊文化 Greece 希腊 was the place where the first advanced 先进 Western civilization developed. 欧美文化发展 The first trace 第一个踪迹 of civilization in Greece dates back 追溯 to 2700 BC but the most important period 最重要的时期 of Greek culture goes from 9th century BC (Homer and the birth of Greek literature) 荷马和希腊文学的诞生 to 146 BC (Rome controls Corinth). 罗马控制科林斯 The greatest expansion of Greek civilization was under Alexander the Great (356 - 323) 亚历山大大帝, whose influence arrived from the Mediterranean Sea to Iran and India. 他控制全部地中海，到印度 古希腊对西方文化影响： 历史 / 哲学 / 科学 / 文学 / 数学 / 圣经 / 艺术 / 单词 Homer Ὅμηρος Iliad Ιλιάς : κλέος, -ους, τὸ glory, fame 光荣，名气 τιμή, -ῆς, ἡ respect, honour 尊重，荣誉 μῆνις, -ιδος, ἡ wrath, rage, fury, 愤怒，忿怒，狂怒， ὕβρις, -εως, ἡ violent pride 强烈的骄傲 μοῖ ρα, -ας, ἡ destiny 命运 τύχη, -ης, ἡ destiny 命运 νόστος, -ου, ὁ homecoming 回家 Odysseia Ὀδύσσεια : νόστος, -ου, ὁ homecoming 回家 φυγή, -ῆς, ἡ exile 流放 δόλος, -ου, ὁ cunning 狡猾 τέχνη, -ης, ἡ cunning 狡猾 πεῖ ρα, -ας, ἡ temptation 诱惑 ξενία, -ας, ἡ hospitality 殷勤好客 ὀ αὐτός identity 身份 Ancient Greek Mythology 神话: Greek gods and goddesses Ζεύς Jupiter ________ Ἑρμῆς Mercurius ________ Ἥρα Iuno ________ Ἀθηνᾶ Minerva ________ Ποσειδῶν Neptunus________ Ἄρης Mars________ Δημήτηρ Ceres________ Ἀφροδίτη Venus________ Διόνυσος Bacchus ________ Ἥφαιστος Vulcanus________ Ἀπόλλων Apollo or Phoebus____ Ἅιδης Pluto________ Ἄρτεμις Diana____