汉英笔译6-句层对比与句式选择.ppt

Lecture 8 Syntactic differences and sentence rearrangement Subject-prominent vs. topic-prominent 汉语句子的主题可能是名词结构，与主语一致，但在很多情况下还可能是其他成分。 他会干这种事我不相信。 译文一：I don’t believe that he should have done such things. 译文二：That he should have done such things I don’t believe 汉译英时则必须为英语句子找到合适的主语方可下笔。 First and foremost: figure out the subject, predicate and object of the sentence, to gain a general idea of the whole construction. Second, figure out the syntactic structure, the meaning of each sense group, and their logical relationship. Choice of Subjects 汉语的主题结构通常可译为英语的主谓结构。 这本书我已经看过了。 I have already read this book. 薄薄的一本书他竟看了两个月。 It took him two months to finish such a thin book. Choice of Subjects 主语对译 如果不适当地处理，锅炉及机动车辆排出的废气就会造成城市空气污染。 Exhaust from boilers and vehicles, unless properly treated, causes air pollution in cities. 五四运动是反帝国主义的运动，又是反封建主义的运动。 The May 4th Movement was an anti-imperialist as well as an anti-feudal movement. Choice of Subjects 有时要放弃原来的主语，为英语译句物色一个适当的主语。 这种水泵的主要特点是操作简便。 This pump is chiefly characterized by its simple operation.（《中国翻译》1998年，第4期，第27页） 故宫耗时14年，整个工程于1420年结束。 The construction of the Forbidden City took 14 years, and was finished in 1420.（《中国翻译》1998年，第5期，第28页） Choice of Subjects 我们知道，发电站每天都大量地产生电能。 As we know, electrical energy is produced in power stations in large amounts every day. 我们的事业从胜利走向胜利。 We have won one victory after another for our cause. 主语与谓语动词的逻辑搭配 Choice of Subjects 泛指的代词充当主语，汉译英时，这类汉语句子通常可以译为英语的被动语态。 大家知道，吸烟有害健康。 Smoking is known to be harmful to our health. 人们普遍相信改革开放政策是正确的。 It is commonly believed that the policy of reform and opening up to the outside world is correct. Choice of Subjects 补足主语（无主语句） 看着一堆老照片，心里掠过一丝丝歉意。 Looking at a pile of old photos, I couldnt help feeling rather regretful. 不经一事，不长一智。 You can’t gain knowledge without practice. Wisdom comes from experience. 不努力便不会成功。 One can never succeed without making great efforts. 补足主语（无主语句） 与自然斗争，倍感快乐。 It is a great jo