澳洲大学石油工程讲座2.1 choice of artificial lift system.ppt

Copyright Rike Service, Inc., 2005 Basic Concepts Timing (never too soon to plan) Economics often change with numbers and location Prorated oil rate followed by high water cut Rod pump and submersible Hydraulic pump and continuous flow gas-lift Ranking of Popularity Sucker rod (beam) pumping Gas-lift Hydraulic pumping Electric submersible pumping Jet pumping Plunger (free piston) lift Others Producing characteristics Inflow performance Liquid production rate High: ESP or continuous gas-lift Low: all others Producing characteristics Water percentage High water cut usually means high rate Water drops more pressure in tubing string Affects inflow performance (relative permeability) Reduces formation gas-liquid ratio Hole characteristics Depth 10,000’ considered crossover point Hydraulic pumps meet challenge best (18,000’) Beam pumps OK Wasted HP on lifting rods Stretch in rods reduces volumetric efficiency Hole characteristics Tubing size and casing size Directly influences volume obtainable Turbine pumps require minimum I.D. Hole characteristics Open hole or perforated completion Caving wells may prevent lifting below interval Perforations may limit flow into well Hole characteristics Straight hole, deviated hole, dog-legs Deviated holes difficult with rod pumps Slant holes complicate gas-lift design Multiple tubing strings sometimes a problem Reservoir and depletion plan Location Offshore Limited space Corrosive surface environment Electricity for submersible pumps? Location Urban Noise/air pollution Potential leaks and visual pollution Landscaping Location Land wells in country Lack of electricity gas Spacing Wide Long gas lines, electric distribution lines, hydraulic power lines Rod pumps often favorable Close (community systems more feasible) Power sources available Electricity for electric submersible Gas for gas lift and compression Usually can run I C engine with produced gas Operating problems Sand (adverse to all pump systems) Paraffin (full opening tubin