省略与代替.doc

省略与替代 省略（Ellipsis）是为了避免重复，突出新信息并使上下文紧密连接的一种手段。省略在语言中，尤其在对话中，是一种十分普遍的现象。在近几年的高考试题中，省略现象也尤为常见。 英语中常常使用省略的形式，现总结如下： 一、在情景会话中，答语常常省略不会引起歧义的主语和谓语部分。命令句、感叹句、部分第一人称的陈述句、部分问句和答句中省略最为常见。 Open the door!开门！ Why not? 为什么不？ Why so?为什么这样？Anybody wishing to go?谁愿意去？ (I’m ) Afraid not. 我恐怕不。 What a lovely place (it is)! 多么可爱的地方！ 〖考点一〗各种省略答语 01.—You haven’t been to Beijing, have you? —_________. How I wish to go there some day. A. Yes, I have B. Yes, I have gone there C. No, I didn’t have D. No, I haven’t 02.—What should I do with the passage? —_________ the main idea of each paragraph. A. Finding out B. Found out C. Find out D. To find out 二、动词不定式的省略：①使役动词和感觉动词后不定式作宾补时，不带不定式符号to。②不定式与前面的动词重复时，常被省略，但要保留to。 1、使役动词let, make, have及感觉动词see, watch, hear, notice, observe ,feel, find, witness等后面作宾语补足语的不定式要省去，但用于被动语态时要还原to。 例如：I saw the boy fall from the tree. The boy was seen to fall from the tree. 2、有时为了避免重复，表达相同意思的不定式to符号后面的内容常承前省略，只保留不定式符号to。 ①系动词(be) + adj. 此类用法中常见的形容词有：anxious, ready, glad, happy, willing等。例如： —Could you go shopping with me? —I am glad to.(省略了go shopping with you) ②mean, try, want, afford, decide, refuse, wish, like, need, would like, would love等后面接不定式作宾语时，省略作宾语的不定式，只保留不定式符号to。 —Are you going there? —Yes, I’d like to. (省略了going there) 【注意】若该宾语是be动词或完成时态的不定式时，则须在to后面保留be或have。例如： —Are you an engineer? —No, but I want to be. (be不能省略) ③tell, warn, order, advise, ask, expect等动词后不定式作宾补时，常省略不定式的内容，只保留不定式符号to。例如： The students want to enter the lab, but the monitor advises them not to. Nothing can stop the boy from playing video games when he wants to. ④两个或两个以上的动词不定式由并列连词连接时，后面的不定式可省去to。若表示对比、对照时，则不省略to。 Her job is to take care of the children and (to) wash clothes. It’s better to laugh than to cry. 3、特殊结构中的省略 would rather, had better, would sooner, do nothing but, have nothing to do but, there is nothing to do but, can’t help but, rather than等后不定式符号常省略。 例如：He would sooner die than surrender. I’d rather look after the baby than wash dishes.