知识讲解-高考总复习：句子成分及基本类型.doc

高考总复习：句子成分及基本类型 真题再现 1. We live in an age ______ more information is available with greater ease than ever before. A. why B. when C. to whom D. on which 2. After the flooding, people were suffering in that area, _______ urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive. A. which B. who C. where D. what 3. As many five courses are provided, and you are free to choose ______ suits you best. A whatever B. whichever C. whenever D. wherever 4. It is by no means clear the president can do to end the strike. A. how B. which C. that D. what 5. There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent, _______________? A. is there B. isnt there C. is he D. isnt he 6. Before you quit your job, ______how your family would feel about your decision. A. consider B. considering C. to consider D. considered 答案与解析： 1. B。分析从句成分，“主系表”结构完整，when只能代替先行词(at) an age在从句中做时间状语，修饰先行词an age（时代）。此处的when=at which。 2. B。在非限制性定语从句中缺主语， 只能用关系代词who代替先行词people在从句中作主语。 3. B。所填词引导的从句做动词choose的宾语，引导词在从句中做主语，意思是“无论哪件”，选B。C、D选项只能在句中作状语， 题干中已有“five courses”，排除A项。 4. D。此处it是形式主语，what引导的是主语从句，作真正的主语。What作do的宾语。句意：总统采取什么行动结束这次罢工一点也不清楚。 5. A。根据前面there be 句里含有否定意义的词little，所以反意疑问句用肯定形式，其主谓应与陈述部分的主谓保持一致，故选A项。 6. A。结合选项来分析句子结构，逗号前为时间状语从句，后面实际上是一个祈使句，缺少谓语。由此可知，A选项符合题意。 知识讲解 句子成分的定义 构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。 主语 表示句子所要说明或描述的人或事物，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当，置于句首。Walls have ears. 隔墙有耳。（名词做主语） He will take you to the hospital. 他会带你去医院。（代词做主语） Three plus four is seven. 三加四等于七。（数词做主语） To see is to believe. 眼见为实。（动词不定式做主语） Smoking is not allowed in public places. 公共场所不允许吸烟。（动名词做主语） Whether or not they will come depends on the weather. 他们来不来取决于天气。（从句做主语） 谓语 说明或描述主语的动作、状态或特征，由动词或动词短语充当，位于主语之后。He practices running every morning. The plane took off at ten o’clock. 复合谓语： 由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。 You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. 由系动词加表语构成。 We are students. 注意：谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。 表语 表示主语