研究生一年级英语课件 考试专用.ppt

Baseball, a popular sport in the USA, is played in the following way/ according to the following rules. You may follow the steps below when you apply for an American University. Even though the procedures followed to enroll an American University vary according to each university, some steps are the same. LECTURE 1 Topic Sentences （主题句） Structure of a Paragraph Three parts: a topic sentence (主题句) supporting sentences (支撑句) a concluding sentence (结论句) Effective Topic Sentences What is a topic sentence? A topic sentence introduces the main idea of a paragraph. A topic sentence controls the sentences that follow. A topic sentence makes a point. How is a topic sentence composed? topic sentence = topic + controlling idea The Topic of a Topic Sentence The topic presents the general domain of a paragraph. Q: What are the topics of the following sentences? Railway travel in Spain is a nightmare which tourists should know about before embarking a trip. There are several advantages in growing up in a small town.? The topic should be well narrowed-down. Q: Which is general and which is specific? City College is completely overcrowded. The cafeteria at crowded City College is one of the most overworked places on the campus. The Controlling Idea of a Topic Sentence The controlling idea limits and expands the topic by showing a judgment or attitude about the topic. Q: Is the sentence effective? Culture shock has four main stages: excitement, frustration, humor, and adjustment. The controlling idea should be well-focused and leaves room for development. Q: Do they have a sharp focus? Overeating is bad. Abraham Lincoln was the sixteenth president of the USA. Overeating is bad. Overeating contributes to several health problems. Abraham Lincoln was the sixteenth president of the USA. Abraham Lincoln’s most outstanding quality was his honesty. Exercise A: Identify the topics and controlling ideas of the topic sentences below: People can avoid burgla