研究生英语Lesson One.ppt

* Difficult Sentences 1. He also associated such policies with a prejudice which he calls linguicism (a condition parallel to racism and sexism). As Phillipson sees it, leading institutions and individuals within the predominantly ‘white’ English-speaking world, have (by design or default) encouraged or at least tolerated—and certainly have not opposed—the hegemonic spread of English, a spread which began some three centuries ago as economic and colonial expansion. (line 11, para. 1) * 他还把这种政策和他所称的“语言歧视”（这个情况类似于“种族歧视”、“性别歧视”）联系在一起。在菲利普森看来，在以“白人”为主的英语世界中，主要的机构和个人，一直鼓励（有意或默许）、至少容忍——当然不会反对——英语的大肆扩张。英语的扩张始于大约三个世纪前，最初表现形式是经济与殖民扩张。 Difficult Sentences * Difficult Sentences 2. Yet many people see English as a blessing. Let me leave aside here the obvious advantages possessed by any world language, such as a large communicative network, a strong literary and media complex, and a powerful cultural and educational apparatus. (line 1, para.7) 然而，许多人认为英语是有益的。我这里姑且不论世界语言所具有的明显优势，例如：庞大的交流网络、发达的文字与传媒体系以及强大的文化与教育设施。 * Difficult Sentences 3. The East Asian symbolism of yin and yang might serve well here: There is something of yang in every yin, of yin in every yang. Although they are opposites, they belong together: in this instance within the circle of communication. Such symbolism suggests that the users of the world’s lingua franca should seek to benefit as fully as possible from the blessing and as far as possible avoid invoking the curse. (line 4, para.10 ) * 东亚的“阴阳”符号或许能更好地说明这 个问题的内在含义：阴中有阳，阳中有阴； 在这种交流循环中，两者相悖，又相互融合。 这种阴阳符号表明使用世界通用语言的人应 该尽可能趋利避害。 Difficult Sentences * Keys to the Exercises I. Reading Comprehension A. 1.B 2. B 3. C 4. D 5. A 6. D 7. C 8. D 9. C 10. A * II. Vocabulary A. 1.B 2.A 3.D 4.C 5.B 6.D 7.A 8.B 9.A 10.C Keys to the Exercises Keys to t