研究生英语精读教程[上册]Unit 1.ppt

《研究生英语精读教程》(第三版·上); Unit One;You Are What You Think;doughnut n..炸面圈 cliché n. idea or expression that has been too much used and is now outdated; stereotyped phrase; trite expression 陈腔滥调 scrutinize v..make a detailed examination of 细查，详审；审视 ;[ 2 ] A fast-growing body of research—104 studies so far, involving some 15 000 people—is proving that optimism﹡ can help you to be happier, healthier and more successful. Pessimism﹡leads, by contrast, to hopelessness, sickness and failure, and is linked to depression﹡, loneliness and painful shyness. ;If we could teach people to think more positively, says psychologist﹡ Craig A. Anderson of Rice University① in Houston②，it would be like inoculating them against these mental ills.;[ 3 ] Your abilities count, explains psychologist Michael F. Scheier① of Carnegie Mellon University② in Pittsburgh③, but the belief that you can succeed affects whether or not you will. In part ﹡, thats because optimists and pessimists deal with the same challenges and disappointments in very different ways.;[ 4 ] Take, for example, your job. In a major study, psychologist Martin E. P①. Seligman of the University of Pennsylvania② and colleague Peter Schulman surveyed sales representatives at the Metropolitan﹡ Life Insurance Co. They found that the positive-thinkers among longtime representatives sold 37-percent more insurance than did the negative-thinkers. Of newly hired representatives, optimists sold 20-percent more.;[ 5 ] Impressed, the company hired 100 people who had failed the standard industry test but had scored high on optimism. These people, who might never have been hired, sold 10 percent more insurance than did the average representative. ;[ 6 ] How did they do it? The secret to an optimists success, according to Seligman, is in his explanatory style. When things go wrong the pessimist tends to blame himself. Im no good at this, he says, I always fail. The optimist looks for loopholes﹡. He blames the weather,