神经嵴细胞和轴突的特异性.ppt

* Neural crest cells and axonal specificity The neural crest and some derivatives of the neural crest The neural crest can be divided into four main functional domains The trunk neural crest The cranial (面部) neural crest The cardiac(心区) neural crest The vagal(迷走) and sacral(尾底) neural crest The neural crest cells originate at the dorsalmost region of the neural tube The neural crest cells generate a number of differentiated cell types the neurons and glial cells(胶质细胞) of the sensory, sympathetic, and parasympathetic nervous systems the epinephrine-producing (medulla) cells of the adrenal gland(肾上腺髓质细胞) the pigment-containing cells of the epidermis many of the skeletal and connective tissue components of the head. Table 13.1Some derivatives of the neural crest Peripheral nervous system (PNS)(外周神经系统)：including sensory ganglia, sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia, Schwann cells(雪旺细胞),Neuroglial cells. Endocrine and paraendocrine derivatives(内分泌和旁分泌组织)：Calcitonin-secreting cells (降血钙素分泌细胞),Carotid body type I cells(颈动脉一型体细胞). Pigment cells(色素细胞)：Epidermal pigment cells. Facial cartilage and bone(面部的骨骼和骨组织)：Facial and anterior ventral skull cartilage and bones. Connective tissue(结缔组织)：Corneal endothelium and stroma,Tooth papillae,Dermis, smooth muscle, and adipose tissue of skin of head and neck, Connective tissue of salivary, lachrymal, thymus, thyroid, and pituitary glands ，Connective tissue and smooth muscle in arteries of aortic arch origin.` Regions of the neural crest. The cranial neural crest migrates into the branchial arches and the face to form the bones and cartilage of the face and neck. It also produces pigment and cranial nerves. The vagal neural crest (near somites 1–7) and the sacral neural crest (posterior to somite 28) form the parasympathetic nerves of the gut. The cardiac neural crest cells arise from the neural crest by somites 1–3; they are critical in making the division beeween the aorta and the pulmonary artery. Neural