科研方法：How to Write a Scientific Paper 中文版.ppt

Any Question? Thanks for your attention! The key to efficient use of your and my time is that we start exchanging outlines and proposals as early in a project as possible. Do not, under any circumstances, wait until the collection of data is “complete” before starting to write an outline. 合理使用我们的时间的关键是，我们应尽可能早地交换提纲和建议。在任何情况下，都不要等到你已经收集“全”了数据之后才开始动笔写提纲。 How should you construct an outline?你应该如何起草你的提要？ No project is ever complete, and it saves enormous effort and much time to propose a plausible paper and outline as soon as you see the basic structure of a project. 研究是永无止境的。当你看到你的结果初具雏形时，就要立即开始准备构思文章和提纲，这将节省你很多的精力和时间。 How should you construct an outline?你应该如何起草你的提要？ Even if we decide to do significant additional work before seriously organizing a paper, the effort of writing an outline will have helped to guide the research. 即便在认真组织成文前，我们已经决定补做重要的其他实验，试着写一个提纲也一定对研究有指导意义。 How should you construct an outline?你应该如何起草你的提要？ What should an outline contain? Title: Authors: Abstract: Do not write an abstract. That can be done when the paper is complete. 标题： 作者： 摘要：不要着急写摘要，可以等文章写完后再写。 What should an outline contain? 提纲需要包括哪些内容？ Introduction The first paragraph or two should be written out completely. Pay particular attention to the opening sentence. Ideally, it should state concisely the objective of the work, and indicate why this objective is important. 文章的第1或2段应该完全用来写引言。要特别注意写好开头一句话。最好是简洁地陈述工作的目的，并指明该工作为什么重要。 Introduction 引言 Introduction 引言 In general, the Introduction should have these elements: The objectives of the work. The justification for these objectives: Why is the work important? Background: Who else has done what? How? What have we done previously? Guidance to the reader. What should the reader watch for in the paper? What are the interesting high points? What strategy did we use? 一般而言，引言应该包含以下几个要素： 工作目的。 对工作目的评价：该工作为什么很重要？ 工作背景：谁做了什么工作？做得怎么样？以前我们做了哪些工作？ 导读：读者应该注意该文章的哪些方面？有意义的要点有哪些？我们用到了哪些策略？ Introduction 引言 Summary conclusion.