积极心理学12-Self-Esteem.ppt

CultivatingIndependent and UnconditionalSelf-Esteem * *  Self-Esteem Outline The importance of self-esteem What self-esteem is… and is not The paradox of self-esteem Toward a new understanding Dependent self-esteem Independent self-esteem Unconditional self-esteem Enhancing self-esteem Definition “Self-esteem is the disposition to experience oneself as competent to cope with the basic challenges of life and as worthy of happiness.” Nathaniel Branden Of all the judgments we pass in our lives, none is as important as the one we pass on ourselves. Nathaniel Branden The greatest evil that can befall man is that he should come to think ill of himself. Goethe The Importance of Self-Esteem High Self-Esteem Mental Health Quality of relationships Success Social effectiveness Happiness Low Self-Esteem Anxiety Depression Psychosomatic symptoms Underachievement Nathaniel Branden — The immune system of consciousness Bednar and Peterson — Underlying cause of most emotional and behavioral problems California Task Force — Social vaccine Criticism Egotism (arrogance and conceit) “The person who feels weak becomes a bully, the inferior person a braggart; a flexing of muscles, much talk, cockiness, an endeavor to brazen it out, are symptoms of covert anxiety in a person or a group.” Rollo May Criticism Egotism (arrogance and conceit) Unrealistic evaluation (harms performance) Salvaging Self-Esteem’s Self-Esteem What self-esteem is not — A product of empty reinforcement Pseudo self-esteem What self-esteem is — Founded in reality Product of hard work More Criticisms of Self-Esteem Anti-social behavior — Aggressive, uncooperative Paradox of self-esteem A New Formulation Dependent self-esteem Independent self-esteem Unconditional self-esteem Dependent Self-Esteem Worthiness — Other-determined Competence — Other-comparison Independent Self-Esteem Worthiness — Self-de