第七章 1 Lecture six The 18th Century the age of Enlightenment in England.ppt

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第七章 1 Lecture six The 18th Century the age of Enlightenment in England.ppt

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第七章 1 Lecture six The 18th Century the age of Enlightenment in England

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Part VI The Eighteenth CenturyThe Age of Enlightenment in England 1. History background： A period of comparatively peaceful development Industrial Revolution Enlightenment（启蒙运动） The struggle of the bourgeoisie against feudalism. Eighteenth Century English Literature The I. Historical and social Background A period of comparatively peaceful development in England after the Glorious Revolution The state power passed from the king gradually to the Parliament and the cabinet ministers; capitalist system established in England A vast expansion abroad of British colonies in Asia, Africa and North America and Acts of Enclosure at home caused the Industrial Revolution. Industrial Revolution made more and more people joined the rank of the middle class or the propertied class Morally, they stressed the virtues of self-discipline, thrift and hard work. People divided into the liberal Whigs Almost all writers of the age were servants of Whigs or Tories during their competition. Ⅱ. Cultural Background 1. Enlightenment The Enlightenment was a progressive intellectual movement throughout Western Europe in the 18th century. It was an expression of struggle of the bourgeoisie against feudalism. The enlighteners fought against class inequality, stagnation, prejudices and other survivals of feudalism. They thought the chief means for bettering the society was enlightenment or education for the people. The English enlighteners were bourgeois democratic thinkers. They set no revolutionary aim before them and what they strove for was to bring it to an end by clearing away the feudal ideas with the bourgeois ideology. Enlighteners fell into two groups: the moderate group and the radical group. Moderate enlighteners supported the principles of the existing social order and considered that partial reforms would be sufficient. In this group may be included chiefly Alexander Pope, Joseph Addison and Richard Steele, Daniel Defoe and Sam