第七讲 七章 小句之上：小句.ppt

（i）时间 同时 It’s Cheshire Cat: now I shall have somebody to talk to. 之后 The three soldiers wandered about for a minute or two, and then quietly marched off after the others. She floated gently down without ever touching the stairs with her feet; then she floated on through the hall. （ii）空间 同一地点 Alice looked up, and there stood the Queen in front of them. （iii）方式 手段 Keep on subtracting the difference, and in that way you will arrive at the correct figure. ? 比较 She likes the simple life, and so does he. (iv) 原因—条件 原因：理由/目的 (a) 原因 ^ 结果 ? Alice didn’t want to begin another argument, so she said nothing. (b) 结果 ^ 原因 Alice was standing with her hands ready, for she was any moment expecting him to fall. 条件：肯定 The ends of his mouth might meet behind, and then I don’t know what would happen to his head. 条件：否定 I like to follow up one line at a time, otherwise there’s a muddle. ? 条件：让步 (a) 让步 ^ 结果 ? It looked good-natured; still it had very long claws and a great many teeth. (b) 结果 ^ 让步 ? Evidently Humpty Dumpty was very angry, though he said nothing for a minute or two. 7.4.4 扩展小句：无显性标记的逻辑-语义关系 At the last meeting somebody almost got drowned [1] ; ‖he was practising rescuing ?somebody [=2], ‖‘but’ no-one had really shown [＋3α ] how to do it [3‘β ], ‖‘so’ he had to be dragged out by some of the older lads [×4 ]. Ⅲ Nobody really thought [1α] it was that bad [1β ]; ‖they just thought ?[=2α ] he’d got cramp or something [2β ]. 汉语的情况 ? ? 7.4.5 嵌入扩展 7.4.6 行为 嵌入小句还有跟扩展相关的另一种功能：虽然没有中心语名词（所以嵌入小句本身做中心语），但是被嵌入的小句是对过程的名词化。例如，[[ threatening people ]] will get you nowhere。 这样的小句就是行为、事件或其它现象的名称；让我们统称为‘行为’。‘行为’小句也可以做合适类别的中心语名词的后置修饰语，如the act = [[ threatening people ]]。所以把这些看做详述关系也说得过去。 1 = [[ Having a wrong view ]] is of course deplorable + ‖2 but = [[ α attacking other people ×‖β for having views ]] is more deplorable ? It was careless of him = [[ to put another man’s helmet on]] =