第二章 医学词汇的来源.ppt

Chapter Two Etymological Study of English Language and Medical Terms Two Types of Medical Terms Native borrowed Two Types of Medical Terms Native: those that derive from Old English Two Types of Medical Terms Borrowed words, or loan-words: taken from other languages largely based upon Greek, Latin and French vocabulary German, Italian, Spanish and others have contributed some words to medical terminology. Words evolved from old English Most medical words from old English denote : anatomic structures Organs Substances basic concepts of human activities Words evolved from old English Changes concerning pronunciation (phonological) spelling (morphologic) meaning (semantical) Words evolved from old English Without Semantical Changes ankle back bladder ear eye foot hair hand knee lip liver lung neck throat tongue ache breath fever Anatomic words Words evolved from old English With Semantical Changes blood In O.E., spelt as blod perhaps originally meant “to swell, gush, spurt” or ‘that which bursts out”. Anatomic words Words evolved from old English With Semantical Changes blood bleeding hemorrhage cerebral hemorrhage 脑溢血; 脑出血 internal hemorrhage 内出血 subarachnoid hemorrhage 蛛网膜下出血 subdural hemorrhage 硬脑膜下出血 Anatomic words Words evolved from old English With Semantical Changes chest chest – In O.E., cest meaning “box, coffer”. a medicine chest (药箱) Anatomic words Words evolved from old English With Semantical Changes chest The meaning was extended to “thorax” in 1530 and replaced breast, on the metaphor that the ribs are a box for the organs. Anatomic words Words evolved from old English With Semantical Changes chest flat chest 扁平胸 seen in weak people or people with chronic consumption Anatomic words Words evolved from old English With Semantical Changes chest 桶状胸 barrel chest commonly seen in patient with emphysema Anatomic words Words evolved from old English With Semantical Changes chest rachitic chest [rE5kitik] 佝偻病胸 鸡胸 pigeon chest pe