第五章_被动语态的翻译.ppt

二 被动语态的翻译 英语和汉语都有被动句，但英语被动句使用频率远远高于汉语，而且二者在用法上也有较大区别：英语被动句由于可以避免指出动作的执行者，因而常常用来表示比较客观的态度，论述客观的事实，因而多用于科技文章、新闻报道、书刊介绍及景物描写等；汉语被动句主要用来表示已经发生的不愉快的事实。由于存在这种差异，英译汉时英语的被动句并不都能译成汉语的被动句。主要有以下几种译法： （一）被动语态变主动语态 1.原来的主语保持不变 1）The whole country was armed in a few days. 几天之内全国武装起来了。 2）The sense of inferiority that he acquired in his younth has never been totally eradicated. 他在青少年时期留下的自卑感还远远没有完全消除。 3）After several rounds of talk,an agreement was finally arrived at. 经过几轮谈判之后，协议终于达成了。 2.原宾语变为主语 1)By the end of the war 800 people had been saved by the organization. 大战结束时，这个组织拯救了800人。 2）A new way of displaying time has been given by electronics. 电子技术提供了一种新的显示时间的方法。 3）Communications satellites are used for international living transmission throughout the world. 全世界都将通信卫星用于国际间的实况转播。 3.译成汉语“是......的”结构 1) The picture was painted by Tom. 这幅画是汤姆画的。 2）The house was built of wood in 1985. 这座房子是1985年用木头修建的。 3) The volume is not measured in square millimeters. It is measured in cubic millimeters. 体积不是以平方毫米计量的，而是以立方毫米计量的。 4.增加适当主语以便译文更流畅 1）To explore the moon’s surface, rockets were launched again and again. 为了探测月球的表面，人们一次又一次地发射火箭。 2）Salt is known to have a very strong corroding effect on metals. 大家知道，盐对金属有很强的腐蚀作用。 3) It is well known that smoking is harmful to the health. 众所周知，吸烟对人体有害。 （二）被动结构转换为无主句 1) The unpleasant noise must be immediately put an end to. 必须立即终止这种讨厌的噪音。 2) Attention has been paid to the new measures to prevent corrosion. 已经注意到采取防腐措施。 3) Best surface finish is provided by machining methods, especially by grinding. 用机械加工方法，特别是磨削方法，可以获得最佳表面光洁度。 （三）保持被动语态 1.译成“被……”或“给……”结构 1) If the scheme is approved, work on the project will start immediately. 如果方案被批准，这项工程将立即开工。 2) He was seen to steal the bike. 他偷自行车给人家看到了。 3) She was fired for incompetence. 她因不胜任工作而被解雇了。 2.译成“遭……”或“受……”结构 1）She was set upon by two masked men. 她遭到两个蒙面男子的袭击。 2) Everyone was fed up with her gossip. 人人都受够了她的流言蜚语。 3) The region was visited by the worst drought in twenty years. 这个地区遭受到了二十年来最严重的旱灾。 3.译成“为