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第五章美国历史.doc

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第五章美国历史

Chapter 5 American History ( III ) 1945----1980s I. The origins of the Cold War 1. Postwar world order and conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union The Cold War began with the ending of the second World War. It was caused by conflicts between the United States and the Soviet Union arose basically from their separate concepts of postwar world order. During the Cold War, the U.S. government would support any country which said it was fighting against communism. And the Soviet Union believed it should rapidly build up its strength for the final struggle against capitalism 2. clash of interests between the two countries after WWII After the War, the Union States felt it had the power to establish American leadership in the world and open the world market to American goods and capital. The Soviet Union was determined to keep its hold on the Eastern European countries and defend its sphere of influence at all costs. 3. George Kennan and the containment policy On February 22, 1946, George Kennan, a high-ranking official in the American embassy to Moscow, proposed to the State Department that the U.S. policy should be “a long-term, patient but firm and vigilant containment of Russian expansive tendencies.” Later the containment policy became the official policy towards the Soviet Union until 1989. II. The Truman Doctrine, the Marshall Plan and McCarthyism 1. Harry Truman and the Truman Doctrine When Franklin D. Roosevelt died in office in April 1945, Harry Truman, his vice president, became president. Truman put forward his policy known as the Truman Doctrine April 12, 1945?–?January 20, 1953 2. crisis in Greece and Turkey Britain was greatly weakened by the Second World War. In 1947, Britain told American that it had decided to end financial support of Greece and Turkey and withdraw troops from these two countries. If the United States did not move in, these two countries might fall into the hands of the Soviet Union. This was a great crisis and the U

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