第四章 英汉句法翻译.ppt

被动语态在英语中的使用比在汉语中频繁的多，特别是在科技英语中。据统计被动句在科技英语中占到75%。 而汉语是一种在形式上呈弱势的语言。我们固然有“被”字可用来表示被动语态，我们并不执着于主语与谓语之间究竟有什么关系，因而一律用主动形式。 如： 海水不可斗量（实际上是“被斗量”） 文章总算写好了。（实际上是“被写好”） 因此，英语中的被动句在翻译成汉语时不一定非得用“被”字句，需要做适当的调整；相反汉语中一些主动形式如若表达被动关系，在翻译成英语时则要用被动句。 例2. In other words mineral substances which are found on earth must be extracted by digging, boring holes, artificial explosions, or similar operations which make them available to us. 换言之, 矿物就是存在于地球上, 但须经过挖掘、钻孔、人工爆破或类似作业才能获得的物质。 下列的结构也可以通过这一手段翻译: It is asserted that … 有人主张 …… It is believed that … 有人认为…… It is generally considered that … 大家(一般人)认为 It is well known that … 大家知道(众所周知)…… It will be said … 有人会说…… It was told that … 有人曾经说…… It is hoped that … 希望…… It is reported that … 据报道…… It is said that … 据说…… It is supposed that … 据推测…… It may be said without fear of exaggeration that … 可以毫不夸张地说… It must be admitted that … 必须承认…… It must be pointed out that … 必须指出…… It will be seen from this that … 由此可见…… 例2. On the whole such an conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence, but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the other with whom he is being compared, and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed. 总的来说, 得出这种结论是有一定程度把握的, 但必须具备两个条件：能够假定这个孩子对测试的态度和与他比较的另一个孩子的态度相同; 他也没有因为缺乏别的孩子已掌握的有关知识而被扣分。 1) The company was enjoined from using false advertising. 这家商号被禁止使用虚假广告。 2) Up to now, sulphur dioxide has been regarded as one of the most serious of these pollutants. 到目前为止，二氧化硫一直被看作是这些污染物中最严重的一种。 3) All around, the hill were black with oil, and some were hidden by gas and drifting oil spray. 四周，由于蒙上了一层油，山峦是黑色的，有的山峦则被天然气和在风中飘洒的喷油遮挡住了。 4) The thrust force of an airplane is produced by the propeller. 飞机的推力由螺旋桨所产生。 如： His address is 518 Wenhua Road, Guzan Town, PA626001, Kangding. 他的地址是康定县姑咱镇文化路518号，邮编编码 626001。 They were badly defeated at Luding in November, 1945.