第九章 Achieving self-actualization自我实现需求.doc

Achieving self-actualization 自我實現需求 In the 1940s, a psychologist named Abraham Maslow challenged old ideas of psychology with a revolutionary claim. undefined03b4df83-ee65-4fea-b9c1-5626c7c65234.mp3 He claimed that all humans are inherently good. undefined1a7755b6-a369-4592-9d4b-9834dbf2b968.mp3 Sure, it doesnt seem like that crazy of an idea, but it was for his time. undefined307-401a-bbef-a362686074e4.mp3 Instead of focusing on the negative aspects of human psychology, such as Freud did, Maslow focused more on the positive. undefined9b25e212-76a6-48f6-8cf3-268bb2dd0494.mp3 He focused on the potential of each person. 0在1940年時，一位叫做亞伯拉罕·馬斯洛的心理學家用了一個革命性的理論挑戰了古老的觀點。 0他宣稱所有的人類天性都是善良的。 0當然，這在現在聽起來並不會很瘋狂，但在當時並非如此。 0不像是其他人類心理學所專注於探討的負向層面，像是弗洛伊德；馬斯洛則專注於正向的層面。 0他集中在研究每個人所擁有的潛力。 undefined142fb43b-13f8-4f8f-8d5f-6603bb2c7418.mp3 He claimed that humans are motivated to reach their fullest potential. undefineddc8de9ef-85f2-4e71-b0c8-4cb0547b35c3.mp3 In fact, he believed that the ultimate goal of living is to grow as a person and to become the best person one can be. undefinedfb6d733c-e393-4797-913caeb.mp3 He called this self-- actualization. undefinedbee79e4c-70d1-4b58-bd14-98e4edc3ae53.mp3 Self-actualization means to reach ones fullest potential, to live the life one wants to live, and to live a meaningful life. undefined2edb7bed-d781-409a-bb92-aac2ac04e91e.mp3 Maslow believed that humans can grow to become the best they can be as long as their personal needs were met and they were given opportunities and support along the way. 0他聲稱人類是被激勵要去發揮自身最大的潛能的。 0實際上，他深信生活最終的目標就是成為一個人，做到自己所能做到的最佳狀態。 0他稱之為「自我實現需求」。 0 自我實現就是發揮個人的最大潛能，過自己想要而且又有意義的生活。 0馬斯洛相信只要個人的需求能夠被滿足，並在人生路途中獲得機會與支持，一個人就能夠達到最佳的狀態。 undefined0677cda0-43a5-4e95-9448-26caa897f30a.mp3 In his writings, he described a hierarchy of needs that every human experiences as they are working towards reaching their highest potential. undefined678676c3-9ced-411a-83f1-42809dc048c0.mp3 This Hierarchy of Needs provide