南开大学滨海学院 - Read.DOC

高稳定振荡器的研究 摘 要 石英晶体振荡器是目前频率稳定度和精确度较高的晶体振荡器。它在老化率、温度稳定性、长期稳定度和短期稳定度等方面的性能都非常好，作为精密时频信号源被广泛应用在全球定位系统、通信、计量、遥测遥控，频谱及网络分析仪等电子仪器中。随着科学技术的发展，对石英晶体振荡器的性能提出了更高的要求。本文主要研究普通高稳定度石英晶体振荡器的设计。 围绕着如何提高石英晶体振荡器的频率稳定度，本文集中探讨了以下几个方面的工作：分析了石英谐振器的特性及其对晶体振荡器性能的影响，从而为高稳定度石英晶体振荡器中对石英晶体的选择提供了依据。分析了振荡电路基本原理，从而设计出由2N3904构成的石英晶体振荡电路，并对电路中输出电路部分及稳压部分设计中的问题进行讨论。最后，论述了恒温晶体振荡器的主要制作过程和技术指标，并对试制石英晶体振荡器样品技术性能进行了测试和分析。 关键词：石英晶体振荡器；压电效应；频率稳定度；稳压电路；射极输出器 The research of high stable oscillator Abstract Quartz crystal oscillators as a high frequency stability among crystal oscillator is widely used in communications equipment, measuring instruments, navigation, radar, mobile communication, programmed telephone, audio-visual equipment etc. With the development of science and technology, quartz crystal oscillator for the performance of a higher demand. This paper on the general high stability crystal oscillator design. Centered on how to improve the quartz crystal oscillator frequency stability, the paper focused on the following aspects of work: analysis of the quartz resonator and the characteristics of the performance of crystal oscillator, so as to the high degree of stability in the quartz crystal oscillator The crystal to provide the basis for the choice. Analysis of the basic tenets of oscillation circuit, designed by 2 N3904 posed by quartz crystal oscillator circuit, and circuits in output regulators and circuit design of some of the issues discussed. Finally, on a constant temperature crystal oscillator the main production process and technical indicators, and trial production of quartz crystal oscillator technical performance of samples were tested and analyzed. Keyword: Quartz crystal oscillator, Piezoelectricity, Frequency stability, Regulators circuit, Emitter output 目 录 绪论 振荡器发展简史 振荡器（oscillator）是不需外信号激励、自身将直流电能转换为交流电能的装置。凡是可以完成这一目的的装置都可以作为振荡器。例如，无线电发明初期所用的火花发射机、电弧发生器等，都是振荡器。它与放大器的区别在于，无需外加激励信号，就能产生具有一定频率、一定波形和一定振幅的交流信号。 正弦波振荡