广外戴桂玉教授谈文学欣赏文件.ppt

尼克在回威斯康辛州前一个晚上坐在海滩上沉思着： The old island here that flowered once for Dutch sailors’ eyes——a fresh green breast of the new world. Its vanished trees, the trees that had made way for Gatsby’s house, had once pandered in whispers to the last and greatest of all human dreams; for a transitory enchanted moment man must have held his breath in the presence of this continent, compelled into an aesthetic contemplation he neither understood nor desired, face to face for the last time in history with something commensurate to his capacity for wonder. (189) 当年为荷兰水手的眼睛放出异彩的这个古岛——新世界的一片清新碧绿的地方。它那些消失了的树木，那些为盖茨比的别墅让路而被砍伐的树木，曾经一度迎风飘拂，低声响应人类最后的也是最伟大的梦想，在那昙花一现的神秘的瞬间，人面对这个新大陆一定屏息惊异，不由自主地堕入他既不了解也不企求的一种美学的观赏，在历史上最后一次面对着和他感到惊奇的能力相称的奇观。 现代美国价值的丧失、民族纯洁和活力的丧失、盖茨比梦想的丧失都与全球历史层面的丧失有联系：欧洲对殖民地和更多财富的贪欲导致原始美洲大陆的丧失—对原始美洲大陆的开发、污染和摧毁。 Gatsby believes in the green light, the orgastic future that year by year recedes before us. It eluded us then, but that’s no matter—tomorrow we will run faster, stretch out our arms farther….And one fine morning— So we beat on, boats against the current, borne back ceaselessly into the past. (189) 盖茨比信奉这盏绿灯，这个一年年在我们眼前渐渐远去的极乐的未来。它从前逃脱了我们的追求，不过那没关系——明天我们跑得更快一点，把胳膊伸得更远一点……总有一天…… 于是我们继续奋力向前，逆水行舟，被不断地向后推，被推入过去。 虽然小说是爵士时代社会批评小说，但它在美国文学的重要地位主要在于它揭示了人类心灵中更深刻的东西——人类生活状况中无法实现的渴望。 涉及语言的理论: 结构主义：注重分析用于建构意义的代码;不考虑历史的存在，探讨语言系统内在功能、内在结构形式，如小说叙述模式和框架结构等的统一性。 可探讨的问题： How is the text classified in terms of its genre by using a specific structuralist framework? What rules or codes of interpretation must be internalized in order to make sense of the text? 《了不起的盖茨比》的叙述模式： Seek-find-lose in Gatsby for Daisy Seek-find-lose in Daisy for Tom Seek-find-lose in Myrtle for Tom Seek-find-lose in Nick for Tom 《了不起的盖茨比》的结构模式： Opening: Narrator’s opening meditation(Ch.1) I: The world of wealth described (Ch.1) II: The world of poverty described (Ch. 2) III: Intersection of I and II—rich and poor mingle at Gatsby’s party (Ch. 3) I: Nick hears story of Gatsby’s past (Ch.4) II: Nick