基于“压力－响应”态势的重庆市农业面源污染的源解析.doc

基于压力响应的重庆市农业面源污染源解析 陈玉成12，杨志敏12，1,2，王莉玮3，赵中金3，刘德绍4 （1西南大学资源环境学院重庆 400716；2重庆市农业资源与环境重点实验室，重庆 400716；3重庆市农业环境监测站，重庆 400020；4重庆市环境保护局，重庆 400021）·a-1，其负荷已超过城市工业与生活污染负荷。因农业面源污染引起COD、BOD5、TN、TP的排放浓度分别是20.72、10.64、5.58、1.27 mg·L-1。TN、TP均已达到严重污染水平，BOD5达到轻度污染水平，COD显示为临界警戒水平。“一圈”地区严重污染，“两翼地区”中度污染。【结论】主要污染物是TP、TN，主要污染源是畜禽养殖和化肥施用，主要影响因子是农业总产值。基于国土等标排放系数的压力态势和水质指数的响应态势，确定主要污染区域是沙坪坝区、大渡口区、合川区、永川区、荣昌县、铜梁县、璧山县、大足县等区县。 关键词：农业面源污染；压力；源解析 Source Apportionment of Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution in Chongqing Based on Pressure-Response System CHEN Yu-cheng1, 2, YANG Zhi-min1, 2, CHEN Qing-hua1, 2, WANG Li-wei3, ZHAO Zhong-jin3, LIU De-shao4 (1College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716; 2Chongqing Key Lab of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Chongqing 400716; 3Chongqing Station of Agricultural Environment Monitoring, Chongqing 400020; 4Chongqing Bureau of Environment Protection, Chongqing 400021) Abstract: 【Objective】The case of 39 districts (counties) was used to determine the pollutants, the primary pollution source, the primary affecting factors and the primary contaminated area of the agriculture non-point source pollution (NPSP) in Chongqing. 【Method】According to developing strategy of One-Hour Economic Circle and Two Wings, the discharge amounts of COD, BOD5, total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphor(TP) was accounted by the list analysis on the scale of districts (counties) from the 8 sources of NPSP such as chemical inorganic fertilizers, organic fertilizers, crops straw, stockbreeding, aquiculture, domestic sewage, domestic wastes and soil erosion, and the loading of NPSP was apportioned by the pressure-response indexes system. 【Result】The absolute discharge amount of COD, BOD5, TN and TP from NPSP were 601.3, 296.2, 162.2, and 32.9 thousand ton per year, indicating this loading excess that of industrial and domestic pollution source. The discharge concentration of COD, BOD5, TN and TP from NPSP were 20.72, 10.64, 5.58, and 1.27 mg·