元素的电子排-华译网翻译公司.PDF

翻译样稿 北京华译网翻译公司 Electronic Configuration and the Position of an Element in the Periodic Table 05.34 元素的电子排布以及它在元素周期表中的位置 05.34 We all know that an atom consists of a central part called the nucleus which contains positively charged protons and electrically neutral neutrons. The number of protons in an atom is called its atomic number and is represented by ‘Z’ while the sum of its protons and neutrons is called its atomic mass number, which is represented by A. 我们都知道，一个原子包括称为原子核的中心部分，原子核含有带正电荷的质子和电中性的中 子。一个原子中的质子数被称为原子序数，并用‘Z’表示，原子的质子和中子的总数称为原子质量 数，用 A表示。 Besides protons and neutrons, there are negatively charged particles called electrons, which revolve around the nucleus in various shells or orbits. This arrangement of electrons around the nucleus of an atom in various orbits is called its electronic configuration. Please note here that the number of electrons in an atom is always equal to the number of protons which makes the atom electrically neutral. 除了质子和中子外，还有被称为电子的带有负电荷的粒子，电子在各个电子层或轨道上围绕着 原子核旋转。电子在各个轨道围绕原子的原子核的这种排列称为它的电子排布。请注意此处，一个 原子中的电子数总是等于质子数，它们让原子呈现电中性。 Every orbit has a certain capacity to accommodate electrons. The Maximum number of electrons that can be accommodated in a particular orbit is determined by the formula, 2n2, where ‘n’ denotes the orbit number. The first orbit, n = 1. Therefore, 2n2 = 2. Hence, the maximum number of electrons that can be accommodated in the first orbit is two. 每个轨道容纳电子的容量是确定的。特定轨道上可以容纳的最多电子数量是通过公式 2n2 来确定 的，其中的‘n’表示的是轨道数。第一个轨道，n = 1 。因此，2n2 = 2 。所以，第一个轨道可以容纳的 最多电子数量是二个。 Similarly, for the second orbit, n = 2. 同样地，对于第二个轨道，n = 2 。 2n2 equals to eight. Hence, the maximum number of electrons that can be accommodated in the