原子结构和光谱.PDF

10 Atomic structure and atomic spectra (原子結構和光譜 ) • Hydrogenic atoms (類氫原子) • Atomic orbitals (原子軌域 ) • Spectroscopic transitions (光譜躍遷) • Selection rules (選擇律 ) • Quantum defects (量子欠缺 ) • Term symbols (能項符號) • Hydrogenic atom: • a one-electron atom or ion of general • atomic number Z • (e.g., H, He+, Li2+, and U91+) ‧類氫原子是原子序為Z ，但只有一個電子 的原子或離子 • Many-electron (polyelectronic) atom: • an atom or ion with • more than one electron • 超過一個電子的稱為多電子原子 氫原子光譜 Chapter 10. Atomic structure and atomic spectra P.321 The structure and spectra of hydrogenic atoms (氫原子的結構和光譜 ) • H2 discharge (氫氣放電 ) → H* + H • H* → H + hν 氫原子發光( ) • Lyman series (ultraviolet) • n → 1 (來曼系,紫外光) • Balmer series (visible) • n → 2 巴耳末系,可見光( ) • Paschen series (infrared) • n → 3 (怕申系,紅外光 ) Rydberg formula (芮得柏公式 ) 1 1 ν − RH ( 2 2 ) n n 1 2 R -1 氫原子的芮得柏常數( ) 109677 cm H (Rydberg constant for the hydrogen atom) Lyman series, n = 2 → 1 (longest λ) 1 1 -1 ν 109677() 82258=− (cm ) 2 2 1 2 1 1 λ 121.57 ( ) nm −7 ν 82258 10 × 作業 : Self-test 10.1 Ritz combination principle (瑞茲組合原理) • The wavenumber of any spectral