在阅读理解中推测词义的八个技巧.docVIP

在阅读理解中推测词义的八个技巧 　　我们在阅读中不免会遇到生词或者虽然遇到的是学过的词但按学过的词义却理解不通，即熟词生义，这就需要根据语境去推断其意义。同时，在高考英语全国卷中，推断词义也几乎每年都要考查。因此，掌握词义的推测技巧非常重要。 　　技巧一：根据定义或解释猜测 　　信号词有be called，be known as， be defined as， or， that is （to say）， namely， in other words，以及破折号、冒号、同位语等。 　　[例1]The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography. 　　解析：根据is called（被叫做）可知，cryptography意为“密码学”。 　　[例2]In some countries where there is very little rain， the farmers have to irrigate， or water their fields. 　　解析：or是用来解释的“或者”，其前后的词语，意思是相近的，故irrigate的意思为“灌溉”。 　　[例3]It will be very hard but also very brittle―that is， it will break easily. 　　解析：破折号都起着对前面的内容进行解释说明的作用，故brittle意思为“易碎的”。 　　技巧二：根据定语从句猜测 　　[例4] A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter. 　　解析：通过A person后面的定语从句可知carpenter的意思为“木匠”。 　　技巧三：根据对比或转折关系猜测 　　信号词有but， however， yet， otherwise， while， though， on the one hand...on the other hand， instead of等。 　　[例5]Though Tom’s face has been washed quite clean， his neck still remains grubby. 　　解析：根据though可知，grubby与clean应互为反义词，故grubby意为“肮脏的”。 　　[例6]John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things， his wife， however， is very thrifty. 　　解析：由however可知，thrifty与waste a lot of money的意思相反，即“节俭的，节约的”。 　　技巧四：根据因果关系猜测 　　信号词有because， since， as， for， due to， so， therefore， so...that， such...that， thus等。 　　[例7]Rubber can be made to stretch more than nine times its normal length because it is very elastic. 　　解析：前面提到能伸展正常长度的9倍，后面用because引出原因，故elastic的意思为“有弹力的”。 　　[例8]The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow. 　　解析：由so...that（如此……以致）可知，turbid意为“浑浊的”。 　　技巧五：利用列举或举例猜测 　　信号词有for instance， for example， such as， like等。 　　[例9]Collins decided that she must go， although the hazards of the trip were many， for example， the unbearable heat， the possibility of getting lost， the presence of wild animals and poisonous snakes. 　　解析：因for example后面所?e的例子都是危险的，故hazards意为“危险（danger）”。 　　技巧六：根据上下文的语境猜测 　　[例10]The offici