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Reductionism in Study on Ecology By [LI Ji] A Dissertation Submitted to Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences In partial fulfillment of the requirement For the degree of Doctor of Philosophy [College of Humanities Social Sciences] May, 2012 致谢 首先感谢导师肖显静教授在3年内无微不至的帮助与关怀。他所体现出的“传道、授业、解惑”的精神以及哲学素养和专业研究的魔鬼训练是我一生的财富，尤其是录取我为博士研究生的行为更使得我的人生旅途踏上了始料不及与完全不同的轨道。 其次感谢不仅包括崔晓勇教授、方晓阳教授、胡新和教授、胡志强教授、李斌博士、李伯聪研究员、刘思刚老师、孟建伟教授、任定成教授、王昌遂教授、王大洲教授、王佩琼编审、张举主任和张颖建老师（按照中文姓氏拼音顺序排名）在内的中国科学院研究生院各位老师。他们的日常教学、即兴辅导和点滴关怀使得我获益巨大。 另次感谢不仅包括Prof. Bunge、Prof. Yehuda Cohen、费多益教授、金吾伦研究员、Prof.Larrère、Prof. Lewenstein、林忠平院士、刘兵教授、闵家胤science; meanwhile, the study of this paper demonstrates it is not correct absolutely. This study has two innovations: a, with the situation that the definition of traditional reductionism in philosophy of science, which relates to epistemology, without fitting to this study’s requirement, it proposes the new definition of reductionism; b, with the situation of empiricism, combination the theoretical tool research method of philosophy of science and ecological study frontier, it demonstrates that contemporary ecology paradigm is in the phase of reductionism. With linguistics, philosophy and ecology studies on definition on reduction and reductionism , this paper defines reductionism as ‘a kind philosophical situation of empiricism which insists matters/phenomenon should back to past or lower state with the quantity decreasing of species at the same time; meanwhile, it is strong reductionism if returns in the time series and ‘spatial structure’ simultaneously ’and identifies three levels of reductionism in study on ecology, namely, ontology, epistemology and methodology. Ontologically, exists constructive and property reduction; epistemologically, exists two forms of theoretical reduction, the one is in interdiscipline and the other is unified theory within discipline; methodologically, exists approaches of rationalism empiricism and explanatory reducti