染色质构象调控真核基因的表达 - 遗传.pdf

HEREDITAS (Beijing) 2011 12 , 33(12): 1291―1299 ISSN 0253-9772 综 述 DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1005.2011.01291 染色质构象调控真核基因的表达 1, 2 1 1 1 亓合媛 , 张昭军, 李雅娟 , 方向东 1. , 100029; 2. , 100049 真核基因的表达受到各种顺式调控元件、反式作用因子、染色质DNA 以及组蛋白表观遗传修饰等多因 素、多层次的调控。染色质三维空间结构的变化在调控真核基因表达方面也发挥了至关重要的作用。染色质构 象的变化一方面可以使增强子等调控元件与靶基因相互靠近, 从而促进基因表达; 同时也可能通过形成空间位 阻结构阻碍调控元件作用于靶基因, 抑制基因表达。虽然染色质结构变化调控真核基因表达的机制仍缺乏较为 精确的分子模型, 但在组蛋白修饰、核小体定位、染色体领域以及染色质间相互作用等表观遗传学研究中, 已 经发现有诸多证据支持染色质构象在真核基因表达调控中的重要地位。文章主要综述了染色质结构及其构象的 变化等对真核基因表达调控的影响。 染色质构象; 转录调控; 表观遗传学 Role of chromatin conformation in eukaryotic gene regulation 1,2 1 1 1 QI He-Yuan , ZHANG Zhao-Jun , LI Ya-Juan , FANG Xiang-Dong 1. Laboratory of Disease Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; 2. Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China Abstract: Gene expression in eukaryotes is regulated at multiple levels, which involves various cis-regulatory elements and trans-acting factors at transcriptional level. In addition, DNA methylation and histone modifications also play crucial roles in epigenetic regulation of eukaryotic genes. It is pivotal for evaluating the regulation of gene expression to understand the structural properties and spatial organization of chromatin at 3-D level. The dynamic alternations of chromatin confor- mation can either activate gene expression by facilitating the interactions between enhancers or other cis-regulatory ele- ments and their target genes or suppress gene ex