Chap_07供给与需求( 的II)：市场和福利(经济学原理,曼昆,中英文双语).ppt

3 SUPPLY AND DEMAND II: MARKETS AND WELFARE 供给与需求（II）：市场和福利;Consumers, Producers, and the Efficiency of Markets消费者、生产者与市场效率;Revisiting the Market Equilibrium;回顾市场均衡;Welfare Economics;福利经济学;Welfare Economics 福利经济学;Welfare Economics 福利经济学;Consumer Surplus 消费者剩余;Consumer Surplus 消费者剩余;Four Possible Buyers’ Willingness to Pay... 四个可能买者的支付意愿…;Consumer Surplus 消费者剩余;The Demand Schedule and the Demand Curve;需求表与需求曲线;Figure 1 The Demand Schedule and the Demand Curve;图1. 需求表与需求曲线;Measuring Consumer Surplus with the Demand Curve...;用需求曲线衡量消费者剩余...;Figure 2 Measuring Consumer Surplus with the Demand Curve;图2. 用需求曲线衡量消费者剩余;Measuring Consumer Surplus with the Demand Curve用需求曲线衡量消费者剩余;Figure 3 How the Price Affects Consumer Surplus;图3. 价格如何影响消费者剩余;Figure 3 How the Price Affects Consumer Surplus;Q2;What Does Consumer Surplus Measure? ;消费者剩余衡量了什么？;Producer Surplus 生产者剩余;The Costs of Four Possible Sellers... 四个可能卖者的成本…;Using the Supply Curve to Measure Producer Surplus利用供给曲线衡量生产者剩余;The Supply Schedule and the Supply Curve;供给表和供给曲线;The Supply Schedule and the Supply Curve供给表和供给曲线;The area below the price and above the supply curve measures the producer surplus in a market. 价格以下和供给曲线以上的面积衡量市场的生产者剩余。;Measuring Producer Surplus with the Supply Curve...;用供给曲线衡量生产者剩余...;Measuring Producer Surplus with the Supply Curve...;用供给曲线衡量生产者剩余...;Figure 6 How the Price Affects Producer Surplus;图6. 价格如何影响生产者剩余;Figure 6 How the Price Affects Producer Surplus;图6. 价格如何影响生产者剩余;Market Efficiency 市场效率 ;MARKET EFFICIENCY;市场效率;MARKET EFFICIENCY;市场 效率;Market Efficiency 市场效率;Market Efficiency 市场效率;;;Three Insights Concerning Market Outcomes;三种关于市场结果的观点;Price;价格;Evaluating the Market Equilibrium;评价市场均衡;Market Power;市场势力;Externalities;外部性;Summary;小结;Summary;小结;Summary;小结;Summary;小结