气溶胶谱分布 - 杨军个人主页.PPT

* * * * * * * * Jacobson, M. Z., 2005: Fundamentals of atmospheric modeling. 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press, xiv, 813 p. pp. Optics of particle mixtures Seinfeld, J. H., and S. N. Pandis, 2006: Atmospheric chemistry and physics : from air pollution to climate change. 2nd ed. J. Wiley, xxviii, 1203 p. pp.CH24.6 * 14Feichter_HAM.pdf * * * * * * Malm, W. C., 1999: Introduction to visibility. US Environmental Protection Agency, 1999: Visibility Monitoring Guidance. McMurry, P. H., M. F. Shepherd, and J. S. Vickery, 2004: Particulate matter science for policy makers : a NARSTO assessment. Cambridge University Press. * World Meteorological Organization., 2008: Guide to meteorological instruments and methods of observation. 7th ed. Secretariat of the World Meteorological Organization, Fig.9.1. * Jacob, D. J., 1999: Introduction to atmospheric chemistry. Princeton University Press, 8.2.2. * Finlayson-Pitts, B. J., and J. N. Pitts, 2000: Chemistry of the upper and lower atmosphere : theory, experiments and applications. Academic Press, fig.9.17. * Che, H., X. Zhang, Y. Li, Z. Zhou, and J. J. Qu, 2007: Horizontal visibility trends in China 1981#8211;2005. Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L24706. * * Liou, K.-N., 2002: An introduction to atmospheric radiation. 2nd ed. Academic Press, EXE.7.1. 折射指数—粒子混合 2 粒子群辐射特性 散射系数 单次散射反照率 不对称因子 光学厚度 混浊度 粒子群的积分光学特性 对截面积分，得到体积消光系数、吸收系数、散射系数（单位：?m2cm-3 = 10-6m-1） Extinction Coefficient Fig 9.15 Attenuation of incident radiance, Io, due to absorption as it travels through a column. Extinction coefficient (cm-1, m-1, or km-1) A measure of the loss of radiation per unit distance 粒子群的积分光学特性 粒子群的积分光学特性 散射比 单次散射反照率 single scattering albedo 散射占消光的比例 粒子群的积分光学特性 不对称因子 绝对值越大，表示大气中含有大粒子较多 粒子群光学厚度－混浊度 对于Junge分布 可导出： ν为Junge分布中的谱形常数 当ν =3.3时，k被称为?ngstr?m浑浊度系数（?ngstr?m turbidity coefficient ） 粒子群光学厚度－混浊度 例：若气溶胶光学厚度在0.5和0.8微米分别为0.17和0.1。试求形状因子ν为何值？ 得： ν = 3.12899 * 大气能见度 气象光学视程 决定因素 气象光学视程 气象光学视程 （Meteorological optical ran