河南省气候及农业概况.doc

河南气候与农业概述 赵方聪 222011326032005 西南大学农学与生物科技学院 农村区域发展一班 摘要:充足的光、热、水资源和肥沃的土地，为河南农业的发展，奠定了良好的基础。河南凭借气候优势和地理优势成为农业大省和主要优质农产品生产基地。但高频率，范围广，危害重的气候灾害气象也对农业经济带来了直接而又严重的影响，分析研究农业与气候的关系以及对气候灾害的不利影响的治理措施对于农业生产具有重要的指导意义。本文参考了相关气候资源的研究，从河南地区的光照，太阳辐射，降雨量，蒸发量，湿润程度方面介绍河南气候特征并分析与气候形成有关的因素，描述了河南在此气候特征下形成的农业生产状况与气候的关系以及气候带来的不利影响，提出了应对气候灾害的主要预防治理措施。 关键词：气候特征 农业特征 灾害防治 The summary relation between climate and agriculture in Henan Zhao Fang cong 222011326032005 Southwest China Normal University the College of Agronomy and Biotechnology Rural Regional Development Abstract: Adequate light, heat, water and fertile land lay a good foundation for the development of agriculture in Henan. Henan becomes a major agricultural province and the main high-quality agricultural production base with the climatic and geographic advantages. However, high frequency, wide range and heavy damage of meteorological disasters bring about a direct and serious impact on the agricultural economy. Analyzing the relationship between agriculture and climate as well as measures to prevent the adverse effects of meteorological disasters has an important significance on agricultural production. This thesis referring to the study of climate resources not only introduces climatic characteristics in Henan in the respect of solar radiation, precipitation, evaporation and moisture level but also analyses factors related to formation of the climate. Additionally, it describes characteristics of agricultural production and negative influence of climate. Prevention and control measures are also put forward. Key words: climatic characteristics agricultural features disaster prevention 1.河南省地理位置 河南，简称“豫”，因大部分地区位于黄河以南而得名，是中华文明和中华民族最重要的发源地。河南位于我国中部偏东、黄河中下游，处在东经110°21＇～116°39＇，北纬31°23′～36°22′之间，东接安徽、山东，北界河北、山西，西连陕西，南临湖北，呈望北向南、承东启西之势。东西长约580公里，南北长约550公里。全省土地面积16.7万平方公里（居全国第17位，占全国总面积的1.74%）。河南省地处我国地势第二阶梯向第三阶梯的过渡带，西部山地绵延起伏，海拔高千米以上，东部为平原，海拔在百米之下。北、西、南三面太行山脉、伏牛山脉、桐柏山脉、大别山脉沿省界呈半环形分布；中、东部为华北平原南部；西南部为南阳盆地，跨越黄河、淮河、海河、长江四大水