语法分类从属分句.ppt

语法复习 从属分句 预测 各类从句 名词性从句 形容词性从句（定语从句） 副词性从句（状语从句） 名词性从句 主语从句 表语从句 宾语从句 同位语从句 主语从句 主语从句中主句的谓语动词一般用第三人称单数形式，但what引导主语从句的主句谓语动词的形式须根据句子的意思来判断。如 (1)How he worked it out is still a secret. 他是如何把它做出来的还是一个秘密 (2)What they makes in this factory are TV sets. 他们在工厂里所做的东西就是电视机。 表语从句 (3)连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 连接副词 where, when, how, why。如：The problem is who we can get to replace her. 问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。The question is how he did it.??问题是他是如何做此事的。That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic. 那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。 连词because可引导表语从句。如：I think it is because you are doing too much. 我想这是因为你做得太多。 在一些表示“建议、劝说、命令”的名词后面的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。should+动词原形表示，should可省略。如：My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow. 我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。 宾语从句 宾语从句根据引导词的不同可分为三种类型： 由that引导的宾语从句。如： We knew （that）we should learn from each other. 由if/whether引导的宾语从句。如： Please tell me if/whether you have been to America. 由who，where，how等连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。如： Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest post office？ 宾语从句三关 1. 引导词关 如果从句是陈述句，引导词用that（that在口语或非正式文体中常省略）；如果从句是一般疑问句，引导词用if/whether；如果从句是特殊疑问句，引导词用由疑问词转换而来的疑问代词/副词。 2. 语序关 ①陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。如： He is an honest boy. The teacher said. →The teacher said（that）he was an honest boy. ②一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，语序变为陈述语序。如： Does he work hard？I wonder.→I wonder if/whether he works hard. When did he leave？I don’t know. →I don’t know when he left。 3. 时态关 ①如果主句是现在的时态，从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。如： I have heard（that）he will come back next week. ②如果主句是过去的某种时态，那么从句的时态一定要用过去的某种时态。如： He said（that）there were no classes yesterday. 注意：如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象等时，不管主句是什么时态，从句都要用一般现在时。如： He said that light travels much faster than sound. 从句的主语如果是第一人称，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致；如果是第二人称，则与主句的宾语一致；如果是第三人称，不用变化。如： “May I use your knife？”He asked me. →He asked me if he might use my knife. “Do you know her telephone number？”He asked me. →He asked me if I know her telephone number. 宾语从句