2.3.1定性反应和测试硫酸盐的鉴别反应BP2015翻译.docx

Appendix VI Qualitative Reactions and Tests(Ph. Eur. method 2.3.1)Acetates乙酸酯Heat the substance to be examined with an equal quantity of oxalic acid R. Acidvapours with the characteristic odour of acetic acid are liberated, showing an acidreaction (2.2.4).用相同量的草酸加热供试品，显示出其特有的酸味，显酸性反应。B. Dissolve about 30 mg of the substance to be examined in 3 mL of water R or use 3mL of the prescribed solution. Add successively 0.25 mL of lanthanum nitrate solutionR, 0.1 mL of 0.05 M iodine and 0.05 mL of dilute ammonia R2. Heat carefully to boiling.Within a few minutes a blue precipitate is formed or a dark blue colour develops.Acetyl GroupsIn a test-tube about 180 mm long and 18 mm in external diameter, place about 15 mg ofthe substance to be examined, or the prescribed quantity, and 0.15 mL of phosphoric acidR. Close the tube with a stopper through which passes a small test-tube about 100 mmlong and 10 mm in external diameter containing water R to act as a condenser. On theoutside of the smaller tube, hang a drop of lanthanum nitrate solution R. Except forsubstances hydrolysable only with difficulty, place the apparatus in a water-bath for 5 min,then take out the smaller tube. Remove the drop and mix it with 0.05 mL of 0.01 M iodineon a tile. Add at the edge 0.05 mL of dilute ammonia R2. After 1 min to 2 min, a bluecolour develops at the junction of the two drops; the colour intensifies and persists for ashort time.For substances hydrolysable only with difficulty heat the mixture slowly to boiling over anopen flame and then proceed as prescribed above.AlkaloidsDissolve a few milligrams of the substance to be examined, or the prescribed quantity, in5 mL of water R, add dilute hydrochloric acid R until an acid reaction occurs (2.2.4), then1 mL of potassium iodobismuthate solution R. An orange or orange-red precipitate isformed immediately.Aluminium SaltsDissolve about 15 mg of the substance to be examined in 2 mL of water R or use 2 mL ofthe prescribed solution. Add about 0.5 mL o