自发过程定义及自发过程判据.pdf

28 3 河 北 工 业 科 技 Vol. 28, No . 3 2011 5 H ebei Journal of Industrial Science and T echnolog Ma 20 11 : 2011) , , ( 河北科技大学理学院, 河北石家庄 050018) : 过程自发性及其判据是物理化学热力学中的重点 难点内容, 然而在不同教材中对自发过 程的定义存在差异, 自发过程判据的推导过程 判据应用条件导致对自发过程判据及其应用条件 吉布斯自由能亥姆霍兹自由能的物理意义理解的困难就自发过程的定义自发过程判据进行 了讨论 : 自发过程; 自发过程判据; 非体积功 : O642. 1 : A Spontaneous process and its criteria LI Junx in, T ANG Wen ing, CU I M in ( College of Sciences, Hebei Universit of Science and T echnolog , Shijiazhuang Hebei 0500 18, China) Abstract : Spontaneous process and its criteria are important com ponents in chemical t hermod namics, but its definition is am biguous and imprecise. The deduct ion process of its criteria and the application conditions make it difficult to understand the ph sical meaning of Gibbs free energ and Helmholtz free energ . The definition of spontaneous process, its criteria and the application conditions are discussed. Key words: spontaneous process; criteria of spontaneous process; nonvolume w ork , , ( ) , ( , , ) , , ? ( , ) , [ 110] ? ( ) , ( ( ) , ( , ) , Wf , r ) ( ) ; ( [ 18] ) ( ( ) ) , : : : 1 : ( 000623) : ( 1971) , , , , , 140 28 , , , , ; , , ,