多普勒天气雷达原理及应用9- 雷达课程总结.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 大气垂直风切变较弱,水汽充沛 0-6km 6.02m/s K=39 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Average Annual Tornado and Severe Thunderstorm Watches 1999-2008 2011 2008 SPC Statistics on Significant Events computed over 10 year periods F2 and Greater Tornadoes Percent of Sig. Tornado Events in a Watch Percent of Sig. Tornadoes in a Tornado Watch Percent of Sig. Tornadoes (relative to all tornadoes) WFOs Local area of responsibility 强对流天气警报（Warning）由基层气象台发布 Warnings are handled locally AWIPS WARNGEN SCAN Staffing levels Offices have Severe Weather Operating Plans (SWOPs) During big events staffing levels will rise to as high as 15 at an office Positions: Warning Event Coordinator Warning Forecaster and Assistant Mesoscale Analyst Communications/verification Hydrologist, HMT, Short-term, Long-term, IT Warning Event Coordinator Main duties: Oversees the entire operation and information flow Ensures there is sufficient staffing for the event Ensures that the respective warning areas are clearly defined when sectorization occurs Completes checklists and ensures that all required actions occur Act as a primary interface with external groups, including the media The Warning Coordinator should NEVER be involved in warning operations. Also, the warning coordinator should maintain a high level of situational awareness with respect to the following: Internal office communications between forecasters and other staff addressing the severe weather event External office communications with emergency management, first responders, other Weather Forecast Offices (WFOs), local media, and trained spotters Ensures that the outgoing message is consistent Ensure that all positions are assigned and that sufficiently alert staff is available during the duration of the event The effects of the mes