- 心灵的探索--印度音乐.ppt

北印度Hindustani音樂形式 §???????? 4???????? Gat: 阿剌帕結束後，以節奏樂器伴奏，根據1個固定的節奏模式tala （她拉）的樂段 §???????? 又可根據所使用的旋律，分為下列幾個階段 Sthayi (主題的陳述statement of theme) §???????? begins in middle octave; concentrates on Vadi; moving up and down scalar patterns in short, repetitive phrases; occasionally descends into lower register §???????? Antara (Second theme ?) §???????? moving to higher register §???????? often concentrates on Samvadi; often featuring faster moving melodic lines * 北印度Hindustani音樂形式 §???????? Sanchari 發展 §???????? Development or variation of earlier melodic ideas §???????? melodic activity in all 3 registers §???????? Abhog(a) (總結Summing up) §???????? final reiteration and development of earlier ideas §???????? sometimes concludes with Jhalla, rhythmic climax with repeated plucking of chikari strings to increase texture and volume? * Ravi Shankar (1920-) * Beatles, George Harrison (1920-) * Shankar, George Harrison (1920-) * Shankar, Monterey (1967-) * 南印度音樂形式 與北印度音樂一樣，分為無循環節奏與有循環節奏的兩部分，但聲樂與器樂的形式完全相同，幾乎沒有單獨的器樂形式 §???????? 源自於是聲樂的形式Kriti §???????? Alapa (通常比北印度音樂短generally shorter than in Northern Tradition §???????? Kriti * Vocals: Seetha Rajan; Mridrangam: N. Venkataraman; Violin: Jayashankar Balan * Kriti by Tyagaraja, Banturiti Raga Hamsanadam, adi tala (4+2+2) * 新秩序, 1815-1848 業餘音樂演奏者的劇增, 帶來音樂出版事業的蓬勃發展. 十九世紀遺留下來的音樂遠較任何之前的世紀來得多. The The public had an unprecedented influence over what music was created. Arrangements were the only way that many people could hear major concert works. Musical style catered to amateur tastes. 如歌的旋律, 動人的伴奏 * 新秩序, 1815-1848 較少對位 一首曲子的節奏與困難度大致一致. 音樂之外的聯想與有趣的標題十分普遍. 傳統的與富戲劇變化的和聲進行相互搭配. 四小節的樂句成為主流. 音樂家探索著合於現代鋼琴樂器特性的音樂語法. Novelties often made a work more successful. * II. Romanticism浪漫主義 C. Romanticism浪漫主義可視為對許多潮流的一種反應. 在科技掌控下的社會, Romanticism 提供了許多理想的避難所: The past過去 Myths神話 Dreams 夢想 The supernatural 超自然 The irrational 非理性 * II. Romanticism浪漫主義 F. 與文學關聯 Many composers were also writers or had friends who were writers. Comp