西南桦人工林及山地雨林的群落学特征比较.pdf

植物学通报 2006, 23 (2): 169~176 Chinese Bulletin of Botany . . 实验简报 西南桦人工林与山地雨林的群落学特征比较 * 陈宏伟 李江 周彬 冯弦 孟梦 刘永刚 王达明 (云南省林业科学院 昆明 650204 ) 摘要 人类活动对生态系统的影响是当今生态学的研究热点之一, 但对在退化生态系统上进行人工造 林对地带性植被群落学特征的影响研究尚较欠缺。本文根据组成群落的植物生态学特征能对其生态环境 做出准确的反应这一规则, 通过样地调查法分析了林龄为12年的西南桦(Betula alnoides)人工群落的区系 组成和基本的群落学特征, 并与当地的地带性植被——山地雨林的区系组成和群落学特征进行了比较, 从 而探讨人工造林对当地天然生态系统的影响。结果发现, 与天然群落相比, 人类活动(人工种植西南桦林) 对生态系统的植物物种的生活型谱、物种叶型谱、区系成分、物种多样性等方面的群落学特征影响不大; 即使在这些方面有或多或少的差异, 可能也是小环境的异质性造成的。但是人工种植西南桦林对群落的 季相外貌、群落的结构、物种组成、物种丰富度以及生物量等方面有较大的影响。进行综合分析后得出 结论: 虽然人工造林可以缩短植被自然恢复的时间以及具有显著的经济价值, 但与地带性植被相比, 还 是有较大的生态学差异。建议为了当地经济的发展, 有必要适当发展一定面积的人工林, 但规模应适度。 关键词 西南桦人工林, 山地雨林, 群落学特性 Comparison of Community Characteristics Between Artificial Betula alnoides Forest and Mountainous Rain Forest in Xishuangbanna of Yunnan Province * Hongwei Chen , Jiang Li, Bin Zhou, Xian Feng, Meng Meng, Yonggang Liu, Daming Wang ( Yunnan Academy of Forestry, Kunming 650204) Abstract The effect of human activity on the ecosystem has become one of the hot topics in recent studies of ecology. However, few studies have investigated the comprehensive impact of cultivating trees on the ecological characteristics of local ecosystems. In this study, we used a sample method (quadrat investigation method) to compare ecological characteristics, such as life-form and leaf-size spectra, the composition of plant species, species’richness and diversity, and floristic elements and biomass, of 12-year-old Betula alnoides in the pure forest and mountainous rain forest in southern subtropical mountain regions of Yunnan Province. Life-form and leaf-size spectra and floristic ele- ments did not differ significantly between forest and mountainous rain forest. However, artificial forest had higher species richness than rain forest. The two kinds of forests had a