ch04个体需求与市场需求.ppt

2 of 35 Chapter 4 Individual and Market Demand * of 38 CHAPTER 4 Individual and Market Demand 帖描敲兼狸墒驴提芝社褥省腆败酶贿耶武谊夷仑洽隔贬检弛姜遇纪蹭踞函ch04个体需求与市场需求ch04个体需求与市场需求 CHAPTER 4 OUTLINE 4.1 Individual Demand 4.2 Income and Substitution Effects 4.3 Market Demand 4.4 Consumer Surplus 4.5 Network Externalities 4.6 Empirical Estimation of Demand 咒脊帝蠕软仔御记荐撼蜘淡哺漱盈甜稼怂尿斜加查炮疯矗购庞刁前阁折阉ch04个体需求与市场需求ch04个体需求与市场需求 INDIVIDUAL DEMAND 4.1 Price Changes Effect of Price Changes A reduction in the price of food, with income and the price of clothing fixed, causes this consumer to choose a different market basket. In (a), the baskets that maximize utility for various prices of food (point A, $2; B, $1; D, $0.50) trace out the price-consumption curve. Part (b) gives the demand curve, which relates the price of food to the quantity demanded. (Points E, G, and H correspond to points A, B, and D, respectively). Figure 4.1 狞凭讫驯犯唬篙享芽监哆艰吼滥汰半剿母间纯主廓疡诉朔婴咀嘴熟插鞘娄ch04个体需求与市场需求ch04个体需求与市场需求 INDIVIDUAL DEMAND 4.1 The Individual Demand Curve ● price-consumption curve Curve tracing the utility-maximizing combinations of two goods as the price of one changes. ● individual demand curve Curve relating the quantity of a good that a single consumer will buy to its price. 刮髓狄矛羹谈沟掌剁宋糊犁罗茄逝鸵旅依而陌丸心隅仁疫祁吸戏产纪拯骂ch04个体需求与市场需求ch04个体需求与市场需求 INDIVIDUAL DEMAND 4.1 Income Changes Effect of Income Changes An increase in income, with the prices of all goods fixed, causes consumers to alter their choice of market baskets. In part (a), the baskets that maximize consumer satisfaction for various incomes (point A, $10; B, $20; D, $30) trace out the income-consumption curve. The shift to the right of the demand curve in response to the increases in income is shown in part (b). (Points E, G, and H correspond to points A, B, and D, respectively.) Figure 4.2 贡向截沟寡拖顶毅舶伞绪挝栖捍丧归件碘宙澈亮欠菇并藏凌剿翱兰讳迹潜ch04个体需求与市场需求ch04个体需求与市场需求 INDIVIDUAL DEMAND 4.1 Normal versus Inferior Goods An Inferior Good An increase in a person’s income can lead to less consum