空间核子动力的发展概况（A survey of the development of space nuclear power）.doc

空间核子动力的发展概况（A survey of the development of space nuclear power） 1 Classification of nuclear power in space Space nuclear power including space nuclear power and nuclear propulsion, to provide electricity and spacecraft propulsion. Space nuclear power is a dual-use technology, can meet the communication satellite, military satellite, space station, space transportation, space weapon platform, deep space exploration, such as an alien base on power and boost demand. 1.1 space nuclear power supply Space nuclear power into space nuclear reactor power and radioisotope power. Power space nuclear reactor to fission nuclear reactor thermal energy into electrical energy through the static or dynamic conversion conversion. The static transfer directly to the fission energy into electrical energy, usually adopts thermocouple conversion and thermionic conversion. The dynamic transfer the fission heat energy into mechanical energy, and mechanical energy into electrical energy, generally use cycle, Rankine cycle Brayton and Stryn back to a circle. Radioisotope power consists of radioisotope battery and radioisotope dynamic power system two, the former is used in thermoelectric conversion thermocouple and the latter uses dynamic conversion. Generally speaking, static transfer less technical difficulty, but the conversion efficiency is low; the dynamic conversion technology is difficult, the conversion efficiency is high. In addition, radioisotope heat sources are also widely used in space missions 1.2 nucleon propulsion Nuclear propulsion for nuclear thermal propulsion and nuclear propulsion. Nuclear thermal propulsion in common with nuclear propulsion are based on nuclear energy (such as nuclear reactor fission energy) as promoting energy. The difference is that the heat generated by the nuclear thermal propulsion nuclear reactor nuclear fission heating propellant; nuclear propulsion after the first fission heat energy into electricity, and the use of electric ionization and accel