德国小学的应用题教学的改革（The reform of applied subject teaching in German primary school）.doc

德国小学的应用题教学的改革（The reform of applied subject teaching in German primary school） The reform of applied subject teaching in German primary school [author] Huang Jianhong [author] Huang Jianhong experimental base for teacher training in Shanghai Since 60s, the position of applied problem teaching has undergone a dramatic change in germany. In 1970 1976, due to the influence of Piagets theory, application status declined rapidly in a subordinate position, and the calculation is in the dominant position, this stage people called the primary school mathematics education has been a fundamental change. Since 1976, the balance between parents anger and the actual situation in teaching practice has forced them to take a new balance in mathematics education, and the balance has been answered again. Promoting thinking and computing skills are equally important, and application questions are important. It is believed that after the reform of the application of teaching problems can not only exercise the ability to understand mathematical structure, but also to exercise computing skills. After many years of discussion, they think that the purpose of teaching applied problems is: 1. develop childrens ability to abstract mathematical relationships from the surroundings. 2. develop childrens numeracy skills and enable them to use the four operations correctly to solve problems. 3., the specific knowledge involved in application questions can deepen students understanding of a specific field, and make professional knowledge develop. 4., by solving problems, we can train and train students thinking, and more importantly, we can train students creative thinking to improve students ability to solve problems and solve problems creatively. The current teaching of applied problems in Germany (i.e., the application of the reformed questions) emphasizes that the content of the teaching should be taken from the practical problems of the childrens surroundings. They think: in elementary school,