热力学有关论文（Thermodynamics related papers）.doc

热力学有关论文（Thermodynamics related papers） The second law of thermodynamics is introduced In the fourth and fifth chapters, we apply the first law of thermodynamics, or the principle of energy conservation, to closed and open systems. As pointed out in those chapters, energy is a conservation property and, as we know, no process violates the first law of thermodynamics at the time of occurrence. Therefore, the occurrence of a process must satisfy the first law of thermodynamics, which is considered reasonable. However, according to the explanation here, only meeting the first law of thermodynamics does not ensure that this process actually occurs. It is common experience that a cup of hot coffee is placed in a cool room and is eventually cooled (Figure 6-1). This process satisfies the first law of thermodynamics because the energy of the coffee loss is equal to the amount obtained from the surrounding air. Now lets consider the opposite process (TM) degrees, where hot coffee gets hotter in a cooler room due to heat transfer from the air in the room. We all know that this process never happens. However, doing so does not violate the first law of thermodynamics, as long as the energy of the air is equal to the amount obtained by the coffee. As another familiar example, consider the heating of a room by passing a current through a resistor (Figure 6-2). Again, the first law states that a quantity of electrical energy is supplied to a resistance line equal to the energy transferred to the interior air as heat. Now lets try to reverse the process. It would be expected that some of the heat transferred to the wire would not cause the same amount of electrical energy to generate the wires. Finally, consider a paddle wheel mechanism, by the quality of the autumn (Fig. 6-3). The quality of the wheels rotation drops, causing a liquid in the insulated container. Thus, the potential energy is reduced substantially, and the internal energy of the fluid is increased according to the