原生质体技术与园艺植物育种（Protoplast Technology and breeding of horticultural plants）.doc

原生质体技术与园艺植物育种（Protoplast Technology and breeding of horticultural plants） Protoplast Technology and breeding of horticultural plants [Abstract] Protoplast Technology includes protoplast plant regeneration, protoplast fusion technology and so on. The variation of plant regeneration in protoplast provides the material for horticultural plant breeding work. Protoplast fusion technology is a new approach to breeding, and two of them play a very important role in the development of breeding. [Key words] horticultural plants, Protoplast Technology, protoplast fusion, breeding In the past, natural mutant breeding experts often collect livestock poultry and crops, with improved varieties, but due to the nature of the mutation rate is not high, and the mutation characters can not control, so this method gradually eliminated. In recent years, great advances in genetics have been made in artificial breeding methods. As more and more widely, such as using artificial methods to mutate genes, and then select good characters, they can be improved by using them. Among them, genetic engineering is the most widely used and artificial breeding method. Genetic engineering can separate single genes from plants, and then increase the number of these genes in bacteria or yeast, cloning. Cloning can determine the structure and function of a single gene. Through the cloning process or the license, the useful or improved gene is transferred into the genome of the crop, and then a series of adaptation can make the crops more in line with human needs. However, this genetic engineering technique can be incorporated into existing breeding techniques to enhance the effect, rather than completely replacing traditional breeding procedures. Not only are the main crops, such as rice, wheat, corn, barley, soybeans, and even tobacco, sugar beets and canola, which have been planted by humans for centuries to four thousand years. Plant cultivation firstly crosses and breaks the varieties in nature, and t