甲状腺肿瘤（Thyroid neoplasms）.doc

甲状腺肿瘤（Thyroid neoplasms） Diagnosis and differential diagnosis Thyroid tumors are classified into two groups, benign and malignant. Benign, medium, mostly adenoma, malignant in most cases of cancer, sarcoma is extremely rare. Thyroid adenoma: thyroid adenoma is the most common benign thyroid tumor in the thyroid gland. The disease is sporadic in the country and is seen more frequently in endemic goiter areas. 1. pathological and clinical features: thyroid adenoma can be divided into two types: follicular adenoma and papillary cystic adenoma. The former is more common. The cut is pale yellow or dark red and has a full capsule. The latter is less common than the former and is characterized by papillary protuberance. The majority of patients are women, often under the age of 40, usually solitary nodules in the thyroid gland, and many are rare. The tumor showed round or ovoid, confined to the side of the gland, texture than the surrounding thyroid tissue slightly hard, smooth surface, clear boundary, no tenderness, with swallowing activity, slow growth, the majority of patients without any symptoms. Papillary cystic adenoma sometimes results in cystic hemorrhage due to rupture of the vessel wall. At this point, tumor volume can increase rapidly in the short term, local pain feeling. 2. diagnosis and differential diagnosis: the diagnosis of thyroid adenoma is mainly based on medical history, physical examination, isotope scanning and B type ultrasound examination. However, thyroid adenoma should be differentiated from other thyroid nodules. Solitary nodules of thyroid adenoma and nodular goiter are sometimes clinically difficult to identify. The following two points can be used for reference: (1) thyroid adenoma remains solitary for many years; solitary nodules of nodular goiter change into more than one node after a period of time. The difference between the two methods is obvious, the adenoma has a complete capsule, the surrounding tissue is normal, the boundaries are d