惯性器件原理作业.doc

惯性器件原理作业 ----惯性技术与导弹 姓 名：X X 流水号：s2012XXX 班 级：Y12XXX 导 师: X X X 2013年5月15日 惯性技术与导弹 目 录 前言································································1 §1 惯性制导概述···················································1 §1.1 定义·························································1 §1.2 制导系统的组成···············································1 §1.3 惯性制导的基本原理···········································2 §1.4 惯性制导的优缺点·············································3 §2 惯性制导的分类·················································4 §2.1 平台式惯性导航/制导···········································4 §2.1.1 基本形式····················································4 §2.1.2 实体布局的分类··············································4 §2.2 捷联式惯性导航/制导···········································5 §2.2.1 基本形式····················································5 §2.2.2 系统特点····················································5 §2.2.3 计算原理····················································6 §3 战术导弹的惯性制导·············································7 §3.1 战术导弹制导的特点···········································7 §3.2 空空导弹·····················································7 §3.3 反舰导弹·····················································8 §3.4 其它战术导弹·················································9 §4 战略导弹的惯性制导············································9 §5 惯性制导的展望················································10 前 言 导弹武器出现一时，就伴随着惯性制导技术的发展。二战中纳粹德国的V-I、V-2导弹上就安装了最为简单的惯性测量装置。战后，导弹逐渐成为了最受欢迎的打击武器，它的发展速度和规模飞速提高，尽管出现了各种新的制导方式，但惯性制导始终是导弹不可或缺的可靠制导方式之一。惯性制导经历了从最初的平台式到现在普遍采用的捷联式，历经近70年的发展，无论是以惯性元件为代表的硬件部分，还是以卡尔曼滤波、信息融合技术为代表的软件部分，都获得了长足的进步，在导弹武器中的地位日益稳固，不仅应用类型多样化，应用范围同样在不断扩展。本文将首先对惯性制导技术、原理、特点、类型作介绍，其次对应用惯性制导的各类型导弹做总结，最后对惯性制导技术的发展及趋势做简单的预测。 §1 惯性制导概述 §1.1 定义 惯性制导是指利用惯性元件测量运动体相对于惯性空间的运动参数，并在给定运动的初始条件下，由制导计算机计算出运动体的速度、位置及姿态等参数，形成控制信号，引导运动体完成预定任务的一种自主制导系统。 惯性制导如其它制导系统一样，要完成“测、算、控”的三大任务。即测量运动体运动参数（包含线运动信息和角运动信息）；导航计算（导航矩阵、姿态矩阵解算）；控制参数整定（控制算法、系统优化、信息融合）。三者之间相互联系，构成完整的回路，从而将整个制导系统与