一座抽水水库中中华窄腹剑水蚤种群动态和其对浮游甲壳类群落结 构.pdf

J. Lake Sci.(湖泊科学), 2009, 21(1): 110-116 . E-mail: jlakes@ ©2009 by Journal of Lake Sciences 一座抽水水库中中华窄腹剑水蚤种群动态及其对浮游甲壳类群落结 构的影响* 望 甜, 王晓辉, 韩博平** (暨南大学水生生物研究所, 广州 510632) 摘 要: 中华窄腹剑水蚤是中国河流中发现的土著种类, 具有较强的生态入侵能力, 通过从西江抽水进入大镜山水库, 成为该 水库的优势浮游甲壳类. 通过 2005-2006 两年的采样监测, 初步分析了该水库中中华窄腹剑水蚤的种群特征及其对浮游甲壳类 的群落动态和结构的影响. 两年共检出浮游甲壳类 13 种, 其中, 桡足类 4 科 7 属 9 种, 枝角类 3 科 4 属 4 种, 中华窄腹剑水蚤 是水库的优势种. 两年浮游甲壳类丰度的范围是 3.82-364.85ind./L, 峰值出现在春季, 两年变化趋势相似. 水库浮游甲壳类的体 长分布范围为 0.07-1.25mm, 主要由小个体的类群(体长在 0.07-0.4mm 之间)组成, 个体较大(大于 0.5mm)的枝角类和桡足类数 量很低. 中华窄腹剑水蚤和其无节幼体的丰度占甲壳类总丰度的 50%以上, 其丰度的动态分布与浮游甲壳类的总体丰度的动态 分布一致. 中华窄腹剑水蚤主要以三种形式(无节幼体Ⅰ期, 桡足幼体后期和成体)存在于水体中, 存活曲线呈Ⅲ型, 无节幼体的 丰度远高于后两者之和. 该种类能成为水库优势种主要是由水库咸度变化剧烈水环境特征和其自身的生态学特点决定的. 中华 窄腹剑水蚤丰度与叶绿素 a 浓度具有显著正相关性, 与抽水入库量具有极显著的负相关性. 作为一个生态入侵种类, 中华窄腹 剑水蚤降低水体中浮游甲壳类生物多样性, 并替代了原来的土著优势种. 关键词: 中华窄腹剑水蚤; 浮游甲壳类; 优势种; 抽水水库; 大镜山水库 Population dynamics of Limnoithona sineseis and its effects on crustaceans in a pumped storage reservoir, South China WANG Tian, WANG Xiaohui HAN Boping (Institute of Hydrobiology , Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P.R.China) Abstract : Limnoithona sineseis is considered as an endemic species in rivers of China with strong invasive ability. It was introduced to some reservoirs by pumping water and becomes the dominant species in the new water bodies. To understand the population dynamics of Limnoithona sineseis and its effects on the pelagic crustaceans, we investigated Dajingshan reservoir, a typical pumped storage reservoir located in Zhuhai City, South China in 2005 and 2006. In total, 13 species of crustaceans including 9 copepods(4 family 7 genera) and 4 cladocerans (3 family 4 genera) were identified. Limnoithona sineseis was dominant over the sampling periods. Th